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In cancer the word checkpoint means two unrelated things: a brake on immune cells that tumours press and checkpoint inhibitor drugs release, or a gate inside every dividing cell that stops it copying or splitting damaged DNA.
Immune checkpoints are receptor-ligand pairs such as PD-1 with PD-L1, CTLA-4 with CD80 and CD86, LAG-3, TIM-3 and TIGIT that hold T cells and NK cells back; the drugs are antibodies that block them (or, for co-stimulatory receptors, agonists that press them). Cell-cycle checkpoints are the G1/S, G2/M and spindle assembly gates governed by cyclin D-CDK4/6 and RB, ATR-CHK1-WEE1, and MPS1, BUB1 and Aurora B, with the DNA-damage response behind them; the drugs are small molecules such as palbociclib, olaparib and azenosertib. The two families share a word and nothing else; OnCo keeps a hub for each, with every member, its partner, where it is expressed and the drugs against it.
In plain words · PD-1 is a brake on T cells. Blocking it releases the immune system against the tumour and has cured some previously incurable cancers.
Showing the target this term concerns: PD-1.
Shares TDO2, CD39 (ENTPD1), GITR (TNFRSF18), HHLA2 (B7-H7).
Shares CD112 (nectin-2), CD155 (PVR), CD96, PVRIG (CD112R).
Shares Siglec-10, CD24, Interleukin-10 (IL10), CD40.
Shares Galectin-9 (LGALS9), TIM-3, TIGIT, LAG-3.
Shares CHEK1, WEE1, ATR, Synthetic lethality.
Shares TIM-3, LAG-3, Immune checkpoint, CTLA-4.
Shares LAG-3, Immune checkpoint, CTLA-4, PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation.
Shares HLA-E, LILRB1 (ILT2), LILRB2 (ILT4).