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Cancers hide from or switch off the immune system, by losing the molecules that display their antigens or by raising checkpoint brakes.
Avoiding immune destruction is the hallmark by which cancers hide from or switch off the immune system, by losing the molecules that display their antigens or by raising checkpoint brakes. Mechanisms include MHC and B2M loss, JAK mutations, PD-L1 expression, Treg and myeloid recruitment and TGF-β-mediated exclusion, covered in the PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint, Antigen presentation & immune editing and Tumour microenvironment (TME) pathways and the Immune exclusion entry. It is the hallmark behind Immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 and LAG-3, CAR-T cell therapy, T-cell engagers and Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines. Readers arrive from the Hallmarks of Cancer overview and the Immune checkpoint and T-cell exhaustion pages.
In plain words · PD-1 is a brake on T cells. Blocking it releases the immune system against the tumour and has cured some previously incurable cancers.
Showing the target this term concerns: PD-1.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories, TGF-β signalling and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.
Shares Hallmarks of Cancer, Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories and the tag hallmark.