{"entity":{"id":"avoiding-immune-destruction","kind":"term","name":"Hallmark: avoiding immune destruction","aka":[],"tldr":"Cancers hide from or switch off the immune system, by losing the molecules that display their antigens or by raising checkpoint brakes.","summary":"Avoiding immune destruction is the hallmark by which cancers hide from or switch off the immune system, by losing the molecules that display their antigens or by raising checkpoint brakes. Mechanisms include MHC and B2M loss, JAK mutations, PD-L1 expression, Treg and myeloid recruitment and TGF-β-mediated exclusion, covered in the PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint, Antigen presentation & immune editing and Tumour microenvironment (TME) pathways and the Immune exclusion entry. It is the hallmark behind Immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 and LAG-3, CAR-T cell therapy, T-cell engagers and Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines. Readers arrive from the Hallmarks of Cancer overview and the Immune checkpoint and T-cell exhaustion pages.","asOf":"2026-09-08","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer","links":[{"label":"Hanahan, Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions (Cancer Discovery 2022)","url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-21-1059"}],"tags":["hallmark"],"related":[],"cancers":[],"sections":[],"technologies":["checkpoint-inhibitor","car-t","t-cell-engager","neoantigen-mrna-vaccine"],"targets":["pd1","pdl1","ctla4","lag3"],"drugs":[],"companies":[],"institutions":[],"pathways":["pd1-checkpoint","antigen-presentation-immunoediting","tumor-microenvironment","tgf-beta"],"terms":["cold-vs-hot","immune-exclusion"],"trials":[],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":[],"notes":[],"category":"Cancer biology"},"route":"/terms/avoiding-immune-destruction/","neighbours":{"technology":[{"id":"car-t","kind":"technology","name":"CAR-T cell therapy","route":"/technologies/car-t/"},{"id":"checkpoint-inhibitor","kind":"technology","name":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors","route":"/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/"},{"id":"neoantigen-mrna-vaccine","kind":"technology","name":"Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines","route":"/technologies/neoantigen-mrna-vaccine/"},{"id":"t-cell-engager","kind":"technology","name":"T-cell engagers (bispecific)","route":"/technologies/t-cell-engager/"}],"target":[{"id":"ctla4","kind":"target","name":"CTLA-4","route":"/targets/ctla4/"},{"id":"lag3","kind":"target","name":"LAG-3","route":"/targets/lag3/"},{"id":"pd1","kind":"target","name":"PD-1","route":"/targets/pd1/"},{"id":"pdl1","kind":"target","name":"PD-L1","route":"/targets/pdl1/"}],"pathway":[{"id":"antigen-presentation-immunoediting","kind":"pathway","name":"Antigen presentation & immune editing","route":"/pathways/antigen-presentation-immunoediting/"},{"id":"nk-cell-recognition","kind":"pathway","name":"NK-cell recognition: missing self & stress ligands","route":"/pathways/nk-cell-recognition/"},{"id":"pd1-checkpoint","kind":"pathway","name":"PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation","route":"/pathways/pd1-checkpoint/"},{"id":"t-cell-exhaustion","kind":"pathway","name":"T-cell exhaustion","route":"/pathways/t-cell-exhaustion/"},{"id":"tgf-beta","kind":"pathway","name":"TGF-β signalling","route":"/pathways/tgf-beta/"},{"id":"tumor-microenvironment","kind":"pathway","name":"Tumour microenvironment (TME)","route":"/pathways/tumor-microenvironment/"}],"term":[{"id":"hallmarks-of-cancer","kind":"term","name":"Hallmarks of Cancer","route":"/terms/hallmarks-of-cancer/"},{"id":"hallmarks-synthesis","kind":"term","name":"Hallmarks of cancer as a synthesis of the theories","route":"/terms/hallmarks-synthesis/"},{"id":"cold-vs-hot","kind":"term","name":"Hot vs cold tumours","route":"/terms/cold-vs-hot/"},{"id":"immune-checkpoint","kind":"term","name":"Immune checkpoint","route":"/terms/immune-checkpoint/"},{"id":"immune-exclusion","kind":"term","name":"Immune exclusion","route":"/terms/immune-exclusion/"},{"id":"immune-surveillance-immunoediting","kind":"term","name":"Immune surveillance and cancer immunoediting","route":"/terms/immune-surveillance-immunoediting/"},{"id":"immune-system","kind":"term","name":"Immune system","route":"/terms/immune-system/"}]}}