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A vaccine made for one patient, encoding the unique mutations in their own tumour, to train the immune system to hunt it.
Intismeran autogene (V940/mRNA-4157, Moderna/Merck) with pembrolizumab met RFS and DMFS endpoints in the phase 3 INTerpath-001 trial in resected stage IIB-IV melanoma (August 2026), the first positive phase 3 for an individualised neoantigen therapy. Autogene cevumeran (BioNTech/Genentech) showed durable T-cell responses correlating with recurrence-free survival in pancreatic cancer (phase 1, Balachandran) and is in phase 2. Phase 3 trials in NSCLC, RCC, bladder, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are ongoing.
Tumour and normal DNA are sequenced, neoantigens are predicted computationally (up to 34 epitopes), and a patient-specific mRNA is made in lipid nanoparticles for dendritic cell presentation and T-cell priming, usually with PD-1 blockade.
Nothing in the corpus depends on this yet.
Dependencies are what this technology cannot be delivered without: manufacturing steps, instruments, software, upstream methods. See its full chain on the map.
Autogene cevumeran is BioNTech and Genentech's personalised mRNA vaccine encoding each patient's own tumour neoantigens. In a small phase 1 in resected pancreatic cancer, half of patients mounted T-cell responses and stayed free of recurrence far longer; phase 2 IMCODE003 tests whether that holds.
A personalised vaccine made from the patient's own immune cells and tumour. Its 20-year-old phase 3 trial reported longer survival, but the way the result was analysed has divided the field.
A custom mRNA vaccine encoding up to 34 of a patient's own tumour mutations. In August 2026 it became the first personalised cancer vaccine to win a phase 3 trial.
The strongest human evidence that a cancer vaccine can make durable T cells in a tumour with few mutations; the randomised phase 2 IMCODE003 (260 patients, primary completion listed for January 2031) is the test of whether that translates into fewer relapses.
For the first time a randomised trial suggests that a vaccine tailored to an individual's tumour can reduce relapse when combined with immunotherapy, which is a proof of concept for a field that had failed for decades. Nothing changes for patients yet: the trial was small, the confidence interval crossed one, and the phase 3 trial in melanoma (and parallel trials in lung and other cancers) must confirm it. If it does, personalised mRNA vaccines could become a routine adjunct to checkpoint inhibitors after surgery.
Pancreatic cancer was thought to be immunologically inert because of its low mutation burden; this study showed that with the right vaccine platform its few neoantigens can still be targeted. It is the strongest human evidence so far that personalised cancer vaccines can generate durable, tumour-specific immunity, and it justifies the randomised trials now running in pancreatic cancer and melanoma. Benefit is not yet proven, because responders may simply have had more immunogenic tumours.
It is the proof that T cells can control pancreatic cancer in some people, and the scientific basis for the personalised neoantigen vaccines now in trials.
Query for this technology: (TITLE:"personalized cancer vaccine" OR ABSTRACT:"personalized cancer vaccine" OR TITLE:"personalised cancer vaccine" OR ABSTRACT:"personalised cancer vaccine" OR TITLE:"neoantigen vaccine" OR ABSTRACT:"neoantigen vaccine" OR TITLE:"mRNA cancer vaccine" OR ABSTRACT:"mRNA cancer vaccine"). Results are unfiltered search hits about Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines, not a curated reading list.
Shares TareBio, CureVac, Nykode Therapeutics, Nina Bhardwaj.
Shares Drew Weissman, Kernal Biologics, Self-amplifying and circular RNA therapeutics, Engineered exosomes as drug carriers.
Shares Yardena Samuels, Shared modular GMP facilities for academic personalised vaccines and cell products, Vaccines aimed only at mutations shared by every tumour cell, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) / Ludwig Institute Lausanne.
Shares Autogene cevumeran phase 1 in resected pancreatic cancer (Memorial Sloan Kettering), Hallmark: avoiding immune destruction, Immunotherapy, RNA neoantigen vaccines prime long-lived CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer.
Shares Invoke Bio, Jaime Leandro Foundation, Houston Methodist Center for RNA Therapeutics.
Open-source projects that implement or serve this technology, from OnCo's own catalogue: licence and last activity as the repository reported them on the day of the fetch. Listing is not endorsement; check the licence before reuse and the validation before clinical use.
Open peptide-MHC class I binding prediction used to rank candidate neoantigens.
Precision HLA typing from sequencing reads, a prerequisite for neoantigen work.
Personalised neoantigen prediction from tumour variants, HLA type and expression, feeding cancer vaccine design; from the Griffith lab.
A pipeline for neoantigen prediction across tumour regions and time points, from Moffitt.
Ranks mutant peptides for a personalised cancer vaccine from a tumour's variants and RNA.
Open-source software, hardware and data projects catalogued by a third party, the Open Medical Registry, that bear on this technology. Listing is not endorsement; check each project's own licence and validation before clinical use.
Mouse nEoanTigen pRedictOr
From the Open Medical Registry (openmedical.sh), an MIT-licensed catalogue of open-source medicine. Blurbs are one line from each registry record; every project keeps its own licence.