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The corpus is a graph of typed records validated on every build. This page is generated from the schema itself: the base fields every record shares, then each of the eighteen kinds with its own fields and a real example. Relationship fields hold ids of other records; backlinks are derived, so a link is declared once.
Source of truth: src/lib/schema.ts (Zod). Machine-readable JSON Schema: /api/v1/schema.json, published with the open API. Ids match ^[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*$; dates are YYYY-MM-DD.
Identity, the two-register text (TL;DR for anyone, summary for specialists), the date the facts were checked, sources, and the relationship arrays that make the graph.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
id | entity id | yes | Stable kebab-case identifier; also the URL slug. |
name | string | yes | Display name. |
aka | string[]default [] | no | Other names, brands and abbreviations; used by search and hover-linking. |
tldr | string | yes | Plain-language explanation for someone with no background. |
summary | string | yes | Technical summary. Markdown-light: paragraphs separated by blank lines. |
status | "approved" | "phase-3" | "phase-2" | "phase-1" | "preclinical" | "concept" | "standard-of-care" | "established" | "emerging" | "historic" | "withdrawn" | "active" | "completed" | "recruiting" | "positive" | "negative" | "mixed" | "planned" | no | Stage or state, from the shared status list. |
asOf | date (YYYY-MM-DD) | yes | Date the facts were last checked. |
wikipedia | URL | no | Wikipedia article for the concept. |
links | { label, url }[]default [] | no | External sources: label and URL.
|
tags | string[]default [] | no | Free-form tags (for example "spike", "failure"). |
related | entity id[]default [] | no | Free-form related entity ids (any kind). |
cancers | entity id[]default [] | no | Typed relationship arrays. Each holds ids of the named kind. |
sections | entity id[]default [] | no | |
technologies | entity id[]default [] | no | |
targets | entity id[]default [] | no | |
drugs | entity id[]default [] | no | |
companies | entity id[]default [] | no | |
institutions | entity id[]default [] | no | |
pathways | entity id[]default [] | no | |
terms | entity id[]default [] | no | |
trials | entity id[]default [] | no | |
people | entity id[]default [] | no | |
bottlenecks | entity id[]default [] | no | Bottlenecks of the war on cancer this object bears on (ideas attack them; technologies, trials, collections relieve them). |
keyPapers | entity id[]default [] | no | Key papers (kind "paper") this object rests on or is discussed in. |
journals | entity id[]default [] | no | Journals (kind "journal") this object was published in or is tied to. |
dependsOn | entity id[]default [] | no | |
notes | string[]default [] | no | Why this matters / what is hard about it. Optional editorial notes. |
simple | string | no | Even simpler explanation (about a 12-year-old reading age). Optional. |
provenance | { editedBy, editedOn, note } | no | Who last substantively edited this record (name or handle) and when.
|
confidence | { probability, by, on, note } | no | Named probability estimate for speculative content.
|
One page per disease: state of the art, history, and what is coming.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "cancer" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
group | string | yes | ICD-O / organ system grouping, e.g. "breast", "lung", "blood". |
burden | string | no | Roughly how common, in words. |
subtypes | string[]default [] | no | Named subtypes a clinician distinguishes. |
biomarkers | string[]default [] | no | Key biomarkers a clinician tests for. |
standardOfCare | { setting, approach, refs, guideline }[]default [] | no | One row per clinical setting: the approach, the products it references, and the guideline mapping.
|
stateOfArt | string[]default [] | no | What is state of the art today, in one paragraph per point. |
history | { year, title, note, refs }[]default [] | no | Dated milestones for the timeline, each pointing at the records it concerns.
|
pipeline | entity id[]default [] | no | Pipeline and open problems: ids of drugs/technologies/trials/ideas. |
openProblems | string[]default [] | no | What is still unsolved, one paragraph each. |
basics | { symptoms, diagnosis, staging, sources } | no |
|
prognosis | { text, sources } | no | Plain-English outlook: what moves survival and the headline population figures, with sources. Shown behind the survival disclosure.
|
parent | entity id | no | The broader cancer this record is a subtype of (pleural mesothelioma -> mesothelioma); the parent page lists its subtypes at the top. |
{
"id": "nsclc",
"kind": "cancer",
"name": "Non-small-cell lung cancer",
"aka": [
"LUAD",
"LUSC",
"LSCC"
],
"tldr": "Non-small-cell lung cancer is the proving ground for precision medicine: a dozen targetable mutations each with a matched pill, immunotherapy for the rest, a...",
"summary": "Biomarker testing (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK, KRAS G12C, HER2, PD-L1) is mandatory at diagnosis. Oncogene-addicted disease gets targeted therapy ...",
"asOf": "2026-09-25",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_cancer",
"links": [
{
"label": "Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_cancer"
},
{
"label": "GLOBOCAN trachea, bronchus and lung fact sheet (IARC Global Cancer Observatory, 2024 estimates)",
"url": "https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/cancers/15-trachea-bronchus-and-lung-fact-sheet.pdf"
},
{
"label": "SEER Cancer Stat Facts: lung and bronchus cancer (rates, stage distribution, survival by stage, age and race)",
"url": "https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html"
}
],
"tags": [
"lung",
"spike"
],
"related": [
"sclc",
"kras-roadmap",
"adc-generations"
],
"technologies": [
"kinase-inhibitors",
"checkpoint-inhibitor",
"adc"
],
"targets": [
"egfr",
"alk",
"kras"
],
"drugs": [
"guardant360-cdx",
"oncomine-dx-target-test",
"therascreen-cdx"
],
"companies": [
"kanvas-biosciences",
"nanjing-leads-biolabs",
"avistone-biotechnology"
],
"institutions": [
"roy-castle-lung-cancer-foundation",
"royal-papworth",
"liverpool-heart-and-chest"
],
"pathways": [
"ras-mapk",
"pi3k-akt-mtor",
"pd1-checkpoint"
],
"terms": [
"tps",
"egfr-exon19-l858r",
"egfr-exon20-insertion"
],
"trials": [
"gefitinib-chemo-tmh",
"symbiotic-lung-04",
"symbiotic-lung-01"
],
"people": [
"philip-crosbie",
"matthew-callister",
"john-field"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-tcga-lung-adenocarcinoma-nature-2014",
"paper-tcga-lung-squamous-nature-2012",
"paper-campbell-pan-lung-somatic-alterations-nat-genet-2016"
],
"journals": [
"clinical-lung-cancer",
"lung-cancer-journal",
"thoracic-cancer"
],
"notes": [
"What does non-small-cell lung cancer mean? It is not one tumour type but everything that is not small-cell lung cancer: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcino...",
"How is the type decided from a small biopsy? By morphology first, immunohistochemistry second and molecular tests last, which is the order the 2021 WHO class...",
"What raises the risk, and how much of it can I change? In the UK, 79 percent of lung cancer cases are judged preventable. Tobacco accounts for 72 percent (71..."
],
"group": "lung",
"burden": "About 85 percent of lung cancer, and lung cancer is first in the world for both new cases and deaths: 2,637,005 cases and 1,861,839 deaths a year (GLOBOCAN 2...",
"subtypes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Squamous",
"EGFR-mutant"
],
"biomarkers": [
"EGFR",
"ALK",
"ROS1"
],
"standardOfCare": [
{
"setting": "Screening (age 50-80, ≥20 pack-years)",
"approach": "Annual low-dose CT with Lung-RADS reporting; AI nodule scoring emerging; robotic bronchoscopy for peripheral nodule biopsy.",
"refs": [
"low-dose-ct-screening",
"nlst-nelson",
"robotic-bronchoscopy"
]
},
{
"setting": "Stage I-II resectable",
"approach": "Lobectomy or segmentectomy (small peripheral) with nodal staging; SBRT if inoperable. Stage IB-IIIA: neoadjuvant chemo-IO (CheckMate 816) or perioperative ch...",
"refs": [
"robotic-surgery",
"sbrt",
"checkmate-816"
]
},
{
"setting": "Stage III unresectable",
"approach": "Concurrent platinum chemoradiation → durvalumab 1 year (PACIFIC), or osimertinib until progression if EGFR-mutant (LAURA). Proton therapy in selected cases.",
"refs": [
"imrt-igrt",
"pacific",
"laura"
]
}
],
"stateOfArt": [
"5-year PFS 60% with lorlatinib in ALK+ disease.",
"Adjuvant osimertinib after surgery for EGFR-mutant disease roughly halves the risk of the cancer returning or of dying from it (ADAURA).",
"First regimen to beat osimertinib (MARIPOSA) and first to beat pembrolizumab (ivonescimab, China)."
],
"history": [
{
"year": 2002,
"title": "Gefitinib approved; dramatic responses in a minority",
"refs": []
},
{
"year": 2004,
"title": "EGFR mutations explain gefitinib responses",
"note": "Lynch, Paez, and Pao identify activating EGFR mutations; the birth of lung cancer precision medicine.",
"refs": [
"egfr",
"egfr-exon19-l858r"
]
},
{
"year": 2005,
"title": "A second mutation in the same gene explains resistance",
"note": "EGFR T790M is found in a patient relapsing after two years on gefitinib, and independently in progressing tumours that had not carried it before treatment. I...",
"refs": [
"paper-kobayashi-egfr-t790m-gefitinib-resistance-nejm-2005",
"paper-pao-egfr-t790m-acquired-resistance-plos-med-2005",
"egfr-t790m"
]
}
],
"pipeline": [
"ivonescimab",
"izalontamab-brengitecan",
"sacituzumab-tirumotecan"
],
"openProblems": [
"Screening uptake is under 20% in the US and lower elsewhere; never-smoker adenocarcinoma has no screening pathway.",
"Resistance to every TKI is near-universal in metastatic disease; C797S has no approved fourth-generation EGFR inhibitor and small-cell transformation is unde...",
"Squamous cell carcinoma has almost no targeted options and no approved ADC."
],
"basics": {
"symptoms": [
"A cough that is not going away, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, chest or shoulder pain, repeated chest infections or one that will not clear, losing ...",
"Less common: swelling of the face or neck, difficulty swallowing, a hoarse voice that does not go away, finger clubbing (NHS)",
"A tumour at the top of the lung can press on the nerves and vessels there and cause shoulder and arm pain with a drooping eyelid rather than any chest sympto..."
],
"diagnosis": [
"Contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, liver, adrenals and lower neck before any biopsy; PET-CT for everyone who could have treatment with curative intent (NICE ...",
"Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for paratracheal and peri-bronchial lesions and for mediastinal nodes; endoscopic ultrasound...",
"Image-guided biopsy for peripheral lesions when treatment can be planned from that alone; biopsy enlarged nodes (10 mm or more short axis on CT) in preferenc..."
],
"staging": [
"TNM 9th edition, in force since 1 January 2025 and built on 124,581 patients diagnosed 2011 to 2019 (British Journal of Radiology 2025; IASLC staging project)",
"T: unchanged from the eighth edition. The T subcommittee tested chest wall and parietal pleural involvement against the new database and proposed no realloca...",
"N: N0 no nodes; N1 ipsilateral hilar or intrapulmonary; N2a a single ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal station; N2b multiple ipsilateral mediastinal stat..."
],
"sources": []
},
"prognosis": {
"text": "Population averages, not a personal prognosis, and they lag the treatments now in use. In the United States 29.5 percent of people diagnosed with lung and br...",
"sources": [
{
"label": "SEER Cancer Stat Facts: lung and bronchus cancer (rates, stage distribution, survival by stage, age and race)",
"url": "https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html"
},
{
"label": "CRUK: lung cancer survival statistics (by age, deprivation and over time)",
"url": "https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/lung-cancer/survival"
}
]
},
"parent": "lung-cancer"
}The fronts of the war on cancer: from imaging and early detection to ADCs, radiopharma, and cell therapy.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "section" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
order | integer | yes | Position of the front in the navigation. |
icon | string | no | Icon id for the front. |
{
"id": "supportive-care",
"kind": "section",
"name": "Supportive Care & Survivorship",
"tldr": "Supportive care and survivorship covers everything that keeps a patient well enough to receive treatment, and well afterwards.",
"summary": "Supportive care and survivorship covers everything that keeps a patient well enough to receive treatment and well afterwards: anti-emetics, growth factors, s...",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"links": [
{
"label": "NCI: Side effects of cancer treatment",
"url": "https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects"
},
{
"label": "NCI: Survivorship",
"url": "https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/survivorship"
}
],
"technologies": [
"acupuncture-nausea",
"cbt-fatigue-distress",
"tai-chi-qigong"
],
"companies": [
"belong-life"
],
"journals": [
"supportive-care-in-cancer"
],
"order": 14,
"icon": "heart"
}Every way we see, measure, or attack a tumour, explained.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "technology" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
principle | string | yes | How it works, for a technical reader. |
generation | string | no | Which generation of the idea this is, if the field talks in generations. |
strengths | string[]default [] | no | What it does well. |
limitations | string[]default [] | no | Where it falls short. |
since | integer | string | no | Year first used in humans or first approved, if meaningful. |
{
"id": "checkpoint-inhibitor",
"kind": "technology",
"name": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors",
"tldr": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors are antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 that release the brakes on T cells so they attack the cancer. They are approved in ...",
"summary": "Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, dostarlimab, toripalimab, tislelizumab), anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, ave...",
"status": "standard-of-care",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor",
"links": [
{
"label": "Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checkpoint_inhibitor"
},
{
"label": "NICE NG122: lung cancer, management",
"url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng122/chapter/Management"
},
{
"label": "Macmillan: pembrolizumab (Keytruda)",
"url": "https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/pembrolizumab"
}
],
"related": [
"tigit-blockade",
"tim3-blockade"
],
"cancers": [
"colorectal",
"lung-cancer",
"nsclc"
],
"sections": [
"immunotherapy"
],
"targets": [
"pd1",
"pdl1",
"ctla4"
],
"drugs": [
"pembrolizumab",
"nivolumab",
"ipilimumab"
],
"companies": [
"compass-therapeutics",
"eris-biotech",
"onc-ai"
],
"terms": [
"cps",
"tmb",
"msi"
],
"trials": [
"rationale-302"
],
"people": [
"lieping-chen"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-ribas-wolchok-checkpoint-blockade-science-2018",
"paper-chen-mellman-cancer-immunity-cycle-immunity-2013",
"paper-le-mmr-deficiency-pd1-nejm-2015"
],
"journals": [
"cancer-immunology-immunotherapy",
"journal-of-immunotherapy",
"oncoimmunology"
],
"dependsOn": [
"monoclonal-antibody"
],
"notes": [
"Colorectal cancer: the sharpest biomarker split in oncology. In mismatch repair deficient disease, responses run from 31% (single-agent nivolumab, previously...",
"Lung cancer: NICE NG122 places checkpoint treatment at four separate points, which is why the same side-effect list keeps reappearing. Before and after surge...",
"Lung cancer: the biomarker story in one line is that PD-L1 selects and nothing else does reliably. A 50% threshold by 22C3 supported first-line monotherapy w..."
],
"principle": "Blocking inhibitory receptor-ligand interactions restores T-cell priming (CTLA-4) and effector function (PD-1).",
"strengths": [
"Durable, sometimes curative responses",
"Broad applicability"
],
"limitations": [
"Most patients do not respond",
"Autoimmune toxicity",
"Biomarkers are imperfect"
],
"since": 2011
}The molecules drugs and tracers aim at.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "target" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
symbol | string | no | Gene symbol / protein name. |
role | "drug-target" | "oncogene-driver" | "tumour-suppressor" | "biomarker" | "fusion-partner" | "dna-repair" | "immune-checkpoint" | "antigen"[]default [] | no | Roles in cancer as the public catalogues state them (drug target, oncogene driver, tumour suppressor, biomarker or prognostic gene, fusion partner, DNA repair, immune checkpoint, antigen); several allowed. |
evidenceTier | "approved-drug" | "clinical-evidence" | "cohort-driver" | "association-only" | no | Strongest public evidence tying the gene to cancer: approved drug, clinical evidence, driver by cohort analysis, or association only. |
sources | { label, url, note }[]default [] | no | The public sources each fact on the record was read from, with the page consulted and what it contributed.
|
specificity | "tumour-specific" | "tumour-associated" | "lineage-antigen" | "broadly-expressed" | "germline-variant" | "immune-microenvironment" | no | |
distribution | "one-type" | "few-types" | "many-types" | "not-established" | no | One cancer type, a few, or many (tumour-agnostic evidence), counted over cancer families with a prevalence row, an approval or an Open Targets association. |
tumourAgnostic | boolean | no | True when a label approval or threshold for a drug aimed at the target is tissue-agnostic (NTRK fusions, MSI-H, BRAF V600E, RET fusions, HER2 IHC 3+). |
specificityNote | string | no | Why the specificity and distribution read as they do, naming the data (readouts, drug mechanisms, HPA rows, UniProt disease text). Required when `specificity` or `distribution` is set. |
specificitySources | { label, url, note }[]default [] | no | The pages the specificity and distribution were read from.
|
hgnc | string | no | |
ensembl | string | no | |
uniprot | string | no | |
entrez | string | no | |
firstDescribed | integer | no | Year the target was first described in the literature, from a source that says so; never inferred from the earliest paper OnCo holds. |
firstDescribedBasis | "sequence" | "literature" | no | What was dated: "sequence" is the earliest paper UniProt cites for the protein or its gene sequence, the usual case; "literature" is a hand-sourced first description of the protein itself. |
firstDescribedNote | string | no | The paper the year comes from, named: authors, journal and year. Required when `firstDescribed` is set. |
firstDescribedSource | URL | no | Where the year was read: the UniProt entry, or the paper itself. Required when `firstDescribed` is set. |
biology | string | yes | What the target does in normal and cancer cells. |
whereFound | string[]default [] | no | Expression or alteration by cancer, free text. |
targetClass | "surface-antigen" | "kinase" | "checkpoint" | "nuclear-receptor" | "enzyme" | "transcription" | "oncogene" | "tumor-suppressor" | "stroma" | "other"default "other" | no | Broad class used for filtering. |
prevalence | { cancerId, pct, measure, source, note }[]default [] | no | Fraction of each cancer that expresses or carries the alteration, sourced. `pct` is 0-100 or a range string like "15-20".
|
{
"id": "pd1",
"kind": "target",
"name": "PD-1",
"tldr": "PD-1 is a brake on T cells. Blocking it releases the immune system against the tumour and has cured some previously incurable cancers.",
"summary": "PD-1 blockade (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, dostarlimab and a growing list of biosimilar-adjacent agents) is standard across melanoma, NSCLC, RCC, u...",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1",
"links": [
{
"label": "Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1"
}
],
"tags": [
"checkpoint"
],
"cancers": [
"melanoma",
"nsclc",
"rcc"
],
"drugs": [
"tqb2450",
"bcd-217",
"tak-928"
],
"companies": [
"cofactor-genomics",
"compass-therapeutics",
"insight-molecular-diagnostics"
],
"pathways": [
"pd1-checkpoint",
"t-cell-exhaustion"
],
"trials": [
"nct06631092",
"nct07266428",
"nct06492005"
],
"symbol": "PDCD1",
"role": [
"immune-checkpoint"
],
"specificity": "immune-microenvironment",
"distribution": "many-types",
"tumourAgnostic": true,
"specificityNote": "Immune or microenvironment target: the record's class is immune checkpoint. HPA PDCD1: RNA tissue enhanced (heart muscle 6 nTPM, lymphoid tissue 15 nTPM); bl...",
"specificitySources": [
{
"label": "Human Protein Atlas PDCD1 tissue",
"url": "https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000188389-PDCD1/tissue",
"note": "RNA tissue and blood lineage specificity, normal tissue antibody staining (version 25.1, CC BY-SA 3.0)"
},
{
"label": "UniProt Q15116",
"url": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q15116/entry",
"note": "involvement in disease"
},
{
"label": "Open Targets ENSG00000188389 associations",
"url": "https://platform.opentargets.org/target/ENSG00000188389/associations",
"note": "cancer associations at or above 0.5 (CC0)"
}
],
"hgnc": "HGNC:8760",
"ensembl": "ENSG00000188389",
"uniprot": "Q15116",
"entrez": "5133",
"firstDescribed": 1994,
"firstDescribedBasis": "sequence",
"firstDescribedNote": "Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Shinohara et al, Genomics, 1994, \"Structure and chromosomal localization of the human PD-1 gene (PDCD1)\".",
"firstDescribedSource": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7851902/",
"biology": "Inhibitory receptor on activated T cells; ligands PD-L1/PD-L2. Tumour PD-L1 expression, TMB, and MSI predict response imperfectly.",
"whereFound": [
"Exhausted T cells in the tumour microenvironment"
],
"targetClass": "checkpoint",
"prevalence": [
{
"cancerId": "melanoma",
"pct": "30-40",
"measure": "Objective response to PD-1 monotherapy (proxy)",
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1",
"note": "Not an expression prevalence"
},
{
"cancerId": "nsclc",
"pct": "20-45",
"measure": "Response by PD-L1 stratum (proxy)",
"source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1"
}
]
}Approved and pipeline products, with what they hit and who makes them.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "drug" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
brand | string | no | Brand name where marketed. |
code | string | no | Development code(s), comma separated. |
modality | string | yes | Modality, e.g. "ADC", "small molecule", "mAb", "radioligand", "cell therapy", "vaccine", "device". |
supportive | boolean | no | |
payload | string | no | Cytotoxic payload, for ADCs. |
linker | string | no | Linker chemistry, for ADCs. |
mechanism | string | yes | One or two sentences on how it works. |
approvals | { region, year, indication, note }[]default [] | no | Regulatory approvals: region, year, indication.
|
mechanismSteps | string[]default [] | no | Step-by-step mechanism for the animated mechanism card. |
dosing | { route, schedule, modifications, monitoring, source } | no | Route, schedule, modifications and monitoring, from the label.
|
toxicity | { event, anyGradePct, grade3PlusPct, source, note }[]default [] | no | Adverse events with rates in percent, from the label or pivotal trial.
|
access | { country, listPrice, reimbursement, assistance, generic, source, asOf }[]default [] | no | Cost and access by country.
|
regulatoryEvents | { date, type, region, note, source, indication }[]default [] | no | Dated designations, filings, decisions and label changes. `accelerated-approval`, `conversion` and `withdrawal` are the accelerated pathway one indication at a time: a grant and the event that closed it share the same `indication` text, and a grant with neither is still open.
|
{
"id": "pembrolizumab",
"kind": "drug",
"name": "Pembrolizumab",
"tldr": "Pembrolizumab is a PD-1 blocking antibody approved in more than 40 settings, from melanoma and lung cancer to the first tumour-agnostic approval for mismatch...",
"summary": "Approvals span melanoma, NSCLC, head and neck, Hodgkin, urothelial, MSI-H/dMMR tumours (first tumour-agnostic approval, 2017), gastric, oesophageal, cervical...",
"status": "approved",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab",
"links": [
{
"label": "FDA label (DailyMed)",
"url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Pembrolizumab"
},
{
"label": "NICE TA851: pembrolizumab for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of triple-negative early or locally advanced breast cancer (14 December 2022)",
"url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta851"
},
{
"label": "NICE TA801: pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for untreated triple-negative metastatic breast cancer (29 June 2022)",
"url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta801"
}
],
"related": [
"tmb-testing",
"pd-l1-cps",
"pd-l1-tps"
],
"cancers": [
"msi-high-pdac",
"tnbc",
"nsclc"
],
"technologies": [
"checkpoint-inhibitor"
],
"targets": [
"pd1"
],
"companies": [
"merck"
],
"trials": [
"keynote-522",
"keynote-355",
"ascent-04"
],
"people": [
"tasuku-honjo",
"lajos-pusztai"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-keynote-189-nejm-2018",
"paper-keynote-564-nejm-2021",
"paper-keynote-355-nejm-2022"
],
"notes": [
"Triple-negative breast cancer: metastatic use requires 22C3 CPS 10 or more, about 27% of unselected early tumours and 38% of KEYNOTE-355 screening (Cortes 20...",
"Triple-negative breast cancer, UK status: two NICE appraisals are in force (TA851 early disease, TA801 metastatic CPS 10 or more with immune-cell staining be...",
"Pancreatic cancer: the Keytruda label's tumour-agnostic MSI-H or dMMR indication rests on KEYNOTE-158, whose pancreatic cohort had 4 responses in 22 patients..."
],
"brand": "Keytruda / Keytruda Qlex (SC)",
"modality": "Monoclonal antibody (anti-PD-1)",
"mechanism": "Humanised IgG4 blocking PD-1; restores T-cell effector function.",
"approvals": [
{
"region": "US",
"year": 2014,
"indication": "Melanoma (first of >40 indications)"
},
{
"region": "US",
"year": 2017,
"indication": "MSI-H/dMMR solid tumours (tumour-agnostic)"
},
{
"region": "US",
"year": 2020,
"indication": "Metastatic TNBC, PD-L1 CPS ≥10, with chemotherapy"
}
],
"mechanismSteps": [
"Antibody binds PD-1 on T cells",
"PD-1/PD-L1 engagement between T cell and tumour is blocked",
"Exhausted tumour-reactive T cells regain effector function"
],
"dosing": {
"route": "IV infusion over 30 min (subcutaneous Keytruda Qlex available)",
"schedule": "200 mg every 3 weeks or 400 mg every 6 weeks; paediatric 2 mg/kg (max 200 mg) every 3 weeks; up to 24 months in most metastatic settings",
"modifications": "Hold for grade 2 immune-mediated events; permanently discontinue for grade 4 or recurrent grade 3",
"monitoring": "Thyroid function, LFTs, creatinine, glucose at baseline and periodically; patient education on immune-related symptoms",
"source": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9333c79b-d487-4538-a9f0-71b91a02b287"
},
"toxicity": [
{
"event": "Hypothyroidism (immune-mediated)",
"anyGradePct": 8,
"source": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9333c79b-d487-4538-a9f0-71b91a02b287",
"note": "Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients"
},
{
"event": "Pneumonitis (immune-mediated)",
"anyGradePct": 3.4,
"source": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9333c79b-d487-4538-a9f0-71b91a02b287",
"note": "Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients"
},
{
"event": "Colitis (immune-mediated)",
"anyGradePct": 1.7,
"source": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9333c79b-d487-4538-a9f0-71b91a02b287",
"note": "Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients"
}
],
"access": [
{
"country": "US",
"listPrice": "$11,564 per 200 mg dose (WAC, Merck price disclosure 2024)",
"reimbursement": "Medicare Part B (physician-administered); commercial plans per formulary",
"assistance": "https://www.merckaccessprogram-keytruda.com",
"source": "https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/part-b-drugs/asp-pricing-files",
"asOf": "2026-09-06"
},
{
"country": "UK",
"reimbursement": "NICE: recommended across many indications (melanoma, NSCLC, TNBC KEYNOTE-522/355, RCC, HNSCC, cervical, oesophageal and others)",
"source": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/published?ngt=Technology%20appraisal%20guidance",
"asOf": "2026-09-06"
},
{
"country": "EU",
"reimbursement": "EMA approved; reimbursed in all member states for core indications",
"asOf": "2026-09-06"
}
],
"regulatoryEvents": [
{
"date": "2014-09-04",
"type": "accelerated-approval",
"region": "US",
"note": "Accelerated approval, advanced melanoma after ipilimumab; first PD-1 inhibitor in the US",
"source": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications",
"indication": "Unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor"
},
{
"date": "2015-10-02",
"type": "accelerated-approval",
"region": "US",
"note": "PD-L1+ NSCLC after platinum",
"source": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/oncology-cancer-hematologic-malignancies-approval-notifications",
"indication": "Metastatic PD-L1 positive NSCLC, as determined by an FDA-approved test, with progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy"
},
{
"date": "2015-12-18",
"type": "conversion",
"region": "US",
"note": "Confirmed: the accelerated approval of 2014 converted to traditional approval 1.3 years after it was granted.",
"indication": "Unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor"
}
]
}Who is building what.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "company" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
hq | string | yes | Headquarters city. |
country | ISO 3166 country code | yes | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code. |
companyType | "pharma" | "biotech" | "diagnostics" | "imaging" | "devices" | "ai-software" | "radiopharma" | "cell-therapy" | "cro-services" | "nonprofit" | "investor" | "cooperative-group" | yes | Broad type used for filtering and the landscape grid; `investor` marks a fund or corporate venture arm whose portfolio is derived from backlinks; `cooperative-group` marks an academic trials group or public trial sponsor with no products of its own. |
website | URL | no | Official website. |
ticker | string | no | Stock ticker with exchange suffix where needed. |
founded | integer | no | Year founded. |
stage | "startup" | "growth" | "public" | "private-large" | "acquired" | "defunct" | no | Bottlenecks: where in the pipeline it bites. Companies: where the company is in its life (startup, growth, public, private-large, acquired, defunct); listed companies default to public. |
ycBatch | string | no | Y Combinator batch, e.g. "W21", "S24", "X26" (Spring), "F25" (Fall). |
investors | entity id[]default [] | no | Ids of investor records (companies with `companyType: "investor"`) that have backed this company. Backlinks give each investor its portfolio. |
funding | { round, year, amountUsd, source, note }[]default [] | no | Sourced financing rounds; omit rather than guess.
|
acquiredBy | entity id | no | Company id of the acquirer, when `stage` is "acquired" and the acquirer is in OnCo. |
{
"id": "astrazeneca",
"kind": "company",
"name": "AstraZeneca",
"aka": [
"Acerta Pharma",
"Alexion Pharmaceuticals",
"MedImmune LLC"
],
"tldr": "AstraZeneca is the most ADC-committed large pharma, co-owner of Enhertu and Datroway, with deep targeted-therapy and radiopharma bets.",
"summary": "AstraZeneca's oncology revenue exceeds $20B. ADCs (T-DXd, Dato-DXd with Daiichi Sankyo; AZD0901 CLDN18.2; puxitatug samrotecan B7-H4; tilatamig samrotecan EG...",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AstraZeneca",
"links": [
{
"label": "Official website",
"url": "https://www.astrazeneca.com"
}
],
"sections": [
"adcs",
"targeted-therapy",
"immunotherapy"
],
"drugs": [
"trastuzumab-deruxtecan",
"datopotamab-deruxtecan",
"osimertinib"
],
"companies": [
"neogene-therapeutics"
],
"trials": [
"nct06350097",
"nct04351555",
"nct04529772"
],
"hq": "Cambridge",
"country": "GB",
"companyType": "pharma",
"website": "https://www.astrazeneca.com",
"ticker": "AZN"
}The centres and universities that matter, mapped and ranked.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "institution" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
city | string | yes | City. |
country | ISO 3166 country code | yes | ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code. |
lat | number | yes | Latitude, for the map. |
lng | number | yes | Longitude, for the map. |
institutionType | "cancer-center" | "university" | "hospital" | "research-institute" | "government" | "consortium" | yes | Broad type used for filtering. |
website | URL | no | Official website. |
nci | "comprehensive" | "clinical" | "basic" | no | NCI designation, US only. |
newsweekOncology2026 | integer | no | Newsweek / Statista World's Best Specialized Hospitals 2026, Oncology rank. |
university | string | no | Parent university, when the institution is a cancer centre inside one. |
programs | string[]default [] | no | Named programmes or centres of excellence. |
{
"id": "oeci",
"kind": "institution",
"name": "Organisation of European Cancer Institutes",
"aka": [
"OECI",
"OECI-EEIG"
],
"tldr": "The network of European cancer centres that runs the accreditation and designation programme awarding 'Comprehensive Cancer Centre' status.",
"summary": "Founded in Vienna in 1979 and organised as a European Economic Interest Grouping in Brussels, the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes brings together ...",
"asOf": "2026-09-09",
"links": [
{
"label": "Homepage",
"url": "https://www.oeci.eu"
},
{
"label": "Accreditation and Designation (archived copy)",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230702005939/https://www.oeci.eu/Accreditation/"
}
],
"sections": [
"supportive-care"
],
"institutions": [
"nki",
"gustave-roussy",
"ieo-milan"
],
"people": [
"iwona-lugowska",
"claudio-lombardo",
"patrick-morris"
],
"bottlenecks": [
"b-care-fragmentation",
"b-knowledge-diffusion"
],
"city": "Brussels",
"country": "BE",
"lat": 50.847,
"lng": 4.363,
"institutionType": "consortium",
"website": "https://www.oeci.eu",
"programs": [
"Accreditation and Designation Programme",
"Working groups (economics, biobanking, digital)",
"EU cancer infrastructure projects"
]
}The classic signalling circuits, drawn and explained.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "pathway" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
analogy | string | yes | Layman explanation using an analogy. |
nodes | { id, label, x, y, targetId }[] | yes | Diagram nodes with positions; a node may point at a target record.
|
edges | { from, to, type }[] | yes | Diagram edges: activates or inhibits.
|
interventions | string[]default [] | no | How drugs attack it. |
{
"id": "ras-mapk",
"kind": "pathway",
"name": "RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK)",
"tldr": "The RAS-MAPK pathway is the cell's 'divide' relay. A signal at the surface flips RAS on, which passes to RAF, MEK, and ERK, which tell the nucleus to make th...",
"summary": "Growth-factor receptors recruit GRB2/SOS to load GTP onto RAS (KRAS, NRAS, HRAS). RAS-GTP recruits RAF (BRAF, CRAF) dimers, which phosphorylate MEK1/2, which...",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK/ERK_pathway",
"links": [
{
"label": "Wikipedia",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK/ERK_pathway"
}
],
"cancers": [
"pancreatic",
"colorectal",
"nsclc"
],
"targets": [
"kras",
"braf",
"egfr"
],
"drugs": [
"sotorasib",
"adagrasib",
"daraxonrasib"
],
"analogy": "A relay race: receptor hands the baton to RAS, RAS to RAF, RAF to MEK, MEK to ERK, ERK runs into the nucleus and shouts 'divide'. A KRAS mutation is a runner...",
"nodes": [
{
"id": "rtk",
"label": "RTK (EGFR, ALK, RET, MET)",
"x": 50,
"y": 5,
"targetId": "egfr"
},
{
"id": "sos",
"label": "GRB2 / SOS1",
"x": 50,
"y": 20
},
{
"id": "ras",
"label": "RAS (KRAS)",
"x": 50,
"y": 36,
"targetId": "kras"
}
],
"edges": [
{
"from": "rtk",
"to": "sos",
"type": "activates"
},
{
"from": "sos",
"to": "ras",
"type": "activates"
},
{
"from": "nf1",
"to": "ras",
"type": "inhibits"
}
],
"interventions": [
"KRAS G12C inhibitors (sotorasib, adagrasib) ± anti-EGFR in colorectal cancer",
"Pan-RAS(ON) inhibitor daraxonrasib (phase 3, pancreatic)",
"BRAF + MEK inhibitors (dabrafenib/trametinib, encorafenib/binimetinib)"
]
}Glossary with plain-English TL;DRs and Wikipedia links.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "term" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
category | string | yes | Glossary category (Endpoints, Biomarkers, Trials, ...). |
wikipediaChecked | date (YYYY-MM-DD) | no |
{
"id": "colorectal-trials-open-today",
"kind": "term",
"name": "Colorectal cancer trials open today (registry snapshot)",
"aka": [
"Bowel cancer trials recruiting",
"Open colorectal cancer trials"
],
"tldr": "Every phase 2 or 3 interventional trial that was recruiting, about to open or still running for colorectal, colon or rectal cancer on ClinicalTrials.gov in S...",
"summary": "The ClinicalTrials.gov v2 API was searched on 24 September 2026 for interventional phase 2, 1/2, 2/3 and 3 studies naming colorectal, colon or rectal cancer ...",
"asOf": "2026-09-24",
"links": [
{
"label": "ClinicalTrials.gov search: colorectal cancer, interventional, phase 2 and 3",
"url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=colorectal%20cancer&aggFilters=phase:2%203,studyType:int"
}
],
"cancers": [
"colorectal"
],
"technologies": [
"mrd-testing",
"checkpoint-inhibitor",
"kras-inhibitors"
],
"terms": [
"mrd",
"clinical-complete-response",
"total-neoadjuvant-therapy"
],
"trials": [
"nct04776655",
"nct04230187",
"nct03635021"
],
"category": "Trials",
"wikipediaChecked": "2026-09-25"
}Landmark and current trials that define the standard of care.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "trial" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
nct | string | no | Primary registry id: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT number, or ISRCTN, ACTRN or NTR. |
phase | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "1/2" | "2/3" | "observational" | "platform" | yes | Trial phase. |
setting | string | yes | Disease setting and line of therapy. |
sponsor | string | no | Lead sponsor. |
result | string | no | Headline result in one or two sentences, with numbers only if sourced. |
started | string | no | Date the study started, as the registry states it (YYYY, YYYY-MM or YYYY-MM-DD). |
startedType | "actual" | "estimated" | no | Whether the registry marks the start date as the real one (ACTUAL) or a plan (ESTIMATED). |
yearReported | integer | no | Year the primary result was reported. |
enrolled | integer | no | Participants enrolled. |
enrolledBasis | "registry" | "randomised" | "analysed" | "treated" | "registered"default "registry" | no | |
enrolledNote | string | no | One sentence giving the registry figure and why it differs from `enrolled`; required when `enrolledBasis` is not "registry" (src/lib/corpus-rules.test.ts). |
outcomes | { endpoint, primary, unit, arms, hr, ci, p, source }[]default [] | no | Structured outcomes; values in the arm's unit (months, percent). Enables pictograms and comparisons.
|
replication | string | no | Has an independent trial or real-world study confirmed the effect? |
{
"id": "keynote-522",
"kind": "trial",
"name": "KEYNOTE-522",
"tldr": "The trial that added immunotherapy to pre-surgery chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer and, uniquely, improved survival.",
"summary": "1,174 patients. pCR 64.8% vs 51.2%; event-free survival at 5 years 81.2% vs 72.2%; 7-year EFS 78.3% vs 69.8% and OS 85.1% vs 77.2% (ASCO 2026 update). Define...",
"status": "positive",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"links": [
{
"label": "ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036488",
"url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03036488"
},
{
"label": "KEYNOTE-522 pathological complete response (NEJM 2020)",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910549"
},
{
"label": "KEYNOTE-522 event-free survival (NEJM 2022)",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2112651"
}
],
"cancers": [
"tnbc",
"tnbc-early"
],
"technologies": [
"checkpoint-inhibitor"
],
"drugs": [
"pembrolizumab",
"carboplatin",
"paclitaxel"
],
"companies": [
"merck"
],
"terms": [
"pcr",
"efs",
"rcb"
],
"trials": [
"swog-s1418",
"optimice-pcr",
"scarlet-s2212"
],
"people": [
"rebecca-dent",
"peter-schmid",
"loi-sherene"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-keynote-522-n-engl-j-med-2020",
"paper-keynote-522-n-engl-j-med-2024-update"
],
"notes": [
"Design (NEJM 2020): 1,174 patients with untreated stage II or III triple-negative breast cancer randomised 2 to 1 to pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo every 3 ...",
"UK sites (registry, 7): Colchester General Hospital, Barts Cancer Institute, St George's Hospital London, Maidstone Hospital, James Cook University Hospital ...",
"Label safety (Keytruda, 778 treated patients): serious adverse reactions 44 percent, fatal 0.9 percent, discontinuation of pembrolizumab 20 percent, most oft..."
],
"nct": "NCT03036488",
"phase": "3",
"setting": "Early-stage (II-III) TNBC: pembrolizumab + chemotherapy before surgery, pembrolizumab after",
"sponsor": "Merck",
"result": "EFS HR 0.63; OS HR 0.66 (5-year); 7-year OS 85.1% vs 77.2%.",
"started": "2017-03-07",
"startedType": "actual",
"yearReported": 2020,
"enrolled": 1174,
"enrolledBasis": "registry",
"outcomes": [
{
"endpoint": "Pathologic complete response (ypT0/Tis ypN0)",
"primary": true,
"unit": "%",
"arms": [
{
"name": "Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy",
"n": 401,
"value": 64.8
},
{
"name": "Placebo + chemotherapy",
"n": 201,
"value": 51.2
}
],
"p": "0.00055",
"source": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1910549"
},
{
"endpoint": "Event-free survival at 5 years",
"primary": true,
"unit": "%",
"arms": [
{
"name": "Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy",
"n": 784,
"value": 81.2
},
{
"name": "Placebo + chemotherapy",
"n": 390,
"value": 72.2
}
],
"hr": 0.65,
"ci": [
0.51,
0.83
],
"source": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2409932"
},
{
"endpoint": "Overall survival at 5 years",
"unit": "%",
"arms": [
{
"name": "Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy",
"value": 86.6
},
{
"name": "Placebo + chemotherapy",
"value": 81.7
}
],
"hr": 0.66,
"ci": [
0.5,
0.87
],
"p": "0.002",
"source": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2409932"
}
],
"replication": "Single pivotal trial, but the EFS and OS benefits held through the 5- and 7-year analyses; consistent with IMpassion031 (atezolizumab, pCR only) and with rea..."
}Things that work better together, and things that do not.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "pairing" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
a | entity id | yes | First member of the pair (entity id). |
b | entity id | yes | Second member of the pair (entity id). |
rationale | string | yes | Why the pair works better than either alone. |
evidence | string | yes | The evidence for the pairing, with trial names. |
pairingType | "combination" | "sequence" | "diagnostic-therapeutic" | "platform" | "caution" | yes | Combination, sequence, diagnostic-therapeutic, platform or caution. |
{
"id": "proton-vs-imrt",
"kind": "pairing",
"name": "Caution: proton therapy vs IMRT",
"tldr": "Protons stop inside the tumour; modern X-ray beams (IMRT) still exit through healthy tissue. That physical difference only matters if it changes cure or late...",
"summary": "IMRT and pencil-beam protons can both shape high dose around a target. Protons remove the exit dose and raise linear energy transfer at the Bragg peak; IMRT ...",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"links": [
{
"label": "PARTIQoL (NCT01617161)",
"url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01617161"
},
{
"label": "RADCOMP (NCT02603341)",
"url": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02603341"
}
],
"tags": [
"radiation-wave5"
],
"related": [
"idea-bio2-let-rbe-ab-selects-protons",
"idea-fund-proton-coverage-with-evidence"
],
"cancers": [
"prostate",
"breast-hr-positive",
"esophageal"
],
"sections": [
"radiation"
],
"technologies": [
"proton-therapy",
"imrt-igrt",
"intensity-modulated-proton-therapy"
],
"terms": [
"linear-energy-transfer",
"relative-biological-effectiveness",
"alpha-beta-ratio"
],
"trials": [
"partiqol",
"radcomp"
],
"bottlenecks": [
"b-surgery-radiation-innovation"
],
"a": "proton-therapy",
"b": "imrt-igrt",
"rationale": "No exit dose and a distal LET rise can spare a late-responding organ or, if the edge sits in that organ, harm it. Alpha/beta of tumour versus late tissue dec...",
"evidence": "Paediatric and skull-base use is established on integral-dose grounds. Adult randomised evidence is mixed and still accruing (PARTIQoL, RADCOMP, NRG oesophag...",
"pairingType": "caution"
}Where a technology has been and where it is heading.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "roadmap" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
steps | { era, title, description, refs, status }[] | yes | Ordered eras from history to horizon, each with a status.
|
watch | { item, expected, source, refs }[]default [] | no | What to watch next, with expected dates where a source states them. Rendered under the steps and checked against the registries by scripts/roadmap-watch.ts.
|
{
"id": "lymphoma-roadmap",
"kind": "roadmap",
"name": "Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific...",
"aka": [
"Lymphoma history",
"Lymphoma evidence roadmap",
"Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma roadmap"
],
"tldr": "Lymphoma was the first cancer shown to be caused by a virus, the first common cancer sorted into subtypes by reading which genes were switched on, and the fi...",
"summary": "Lymphoma has been first at more things than any other cancer, and the reason is that you can get hold of it. A lymph node is easy to biopsy, the cells grow i...",
"asOf": "2026-10-01",
"links": [
{
"label": "NCI PDQ: adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (health professional)",
"url": "https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq"
},
{
"label": "NCI PDQ: adult Hodgkin lymphoma treatment (health professional)",
"url": "https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/adult-hodgkin-treatment-pdq"
},
{
"label": "ESMO clinical practice guidelines: haematological malignancies",
"url": "https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/esmo-clinical-practice-guidelines-haematological-malignancies"
}
],
"related": [
"immunotherapy-roadmap",
"chemotherapy-roadmap",
"radiation-roadmap"
],
"cancers": [
"non-hodgkin-lymphoma",
"dlbcl",
"follicular-lymphoma"
],
"sections": [
"chemotherapy",
"immunotherapy",
"cell-therapy"
],
"technologies": [
"car-t",
"bispecific-antibody",
"t-cell-engager"
],
"targets": [
"cd20",
"cd19",
"cd30"
],
"drugs": [
"rituximab",
"obinutuzumab",
"polatuzumab-vedotin"
],
"companies": [
"roche-genentech",
"novartis",
"gilead"
],
"institutions": [
"nci",
"dana-farber",
"mskcc"
],
"pathways": [
"bcr-signalling",
"jak-stat",
"apoptosis-bcl2"
],
"terms": [
"cell-of-origin",
"lugano-classification",
"deauville-score"
],
"trials": [
"polarix",
"echelon-1",
"echelon-2"
],
"people": [
"louis-staudt",
"ash-alizadeh",
"gilles-salles"
],
"bottlenecks": [
"b-tumor-heterogeneity",
"b-biomarker-validation",
"b-manufacturing-cell-therapy"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-alizadeh-nature",
"paper-rosenwald-molecular-profiling-dlbcl-nejm-2002",
"paper-hans-immunohistochemistry-cell-of-origin-dlbcl-blood-2004"
],
"steps": [
{
"era": "1958-1981",
"title": "Two viruses, found because lymphoma is the cancer you can get hold of",
"description": "Denis Burkitt described a tumour involving the jaws in African children in 1958 and mapped where it occurred; the geography pointed at an infectious cause. I...",
"refs": [
"paper-burkitt-sarcoma-involving-jaws-african-children-br-j-surg-1958",
"paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964",
"paper-poiesz-htlv-retrovirus-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-pnas-1980"
],
"status": "historic"
},
{
"era": "1998-2010",
"title": "How little is enough: the Hodgkin de-escalation programme begins",
"description": "Hodgkin lymphoma was curable before anyone knew what it was made of, and by the 1990s the question had become how much treatment could be removed. HD10 answe...",
"refs": [
"paper-ghsg-hd10-reduced-intensity-early-hodgkin-nejm-2010",
"paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015",
"paper-van-nimwegen-cardiovascular-disease-after-hodgkin-jama-intern-med-2015"
],
"status": "historic"
},
{
"era": "2000-2020",
"title": "Reading the genes, and the twenty years it took to make that useful",
"description": "Alizadeh and Staudt showed in 2000 that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma contains at least two diseases that look identical under the microscope. Rosenwald prof...",
"refs": [
"paper-alizadeh-nature",
"paper-rosenwald-molecular-profiling-dlbcl-nejm-2002",
"paper-hans-immunohistochemistry-cell-of-origin-dlbcl-blood-2004"
],
"status": "historic"
}
],
"watch": [
{
"item": "POLAR BEAR primary completion: polatuzumab vedotin in place of vincristine in R-miniCHOP for patients aged 80 or over, or 75 or over and frail (300 estimated...",
"expected": "2025-12-28",
"source": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04332822",
"refs": [
"polar-bear",
"polatuzumab-vedotin"
]
},
{
"item": "Mosunetuzumab with lenalidomide against the investigator's choice in relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma, primary completion (260 estimated partici...",
"expected": "2027-09",
"source": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06006117",
"refs": [
"mosun-len-mzl",
"mosunetuzumab"
]
},
{
"item": "FORTplus primary completion: 4 Gy radiotherapy with an anti-CD20 antibody against standard-dose radiotherapy with rituximab in early-stage follicular lymphom...",
"expected": "2027-09-30",
"source": "https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05045664",
"refs": [
"fortplus",
"obinutuzumab"
]
}
]
}Hypotheses and new directions, linked to the evidence.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "idea" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
hypothesis | string | yes | The claim, in one sentence. |
rationale | string | yes | Why the pair works better than either alone, or why it is a caution. |
test | string | yes | What experiment or trial would confirm or kill it. |
maturity | "speculative" | "preclinical-evidence" | "early-clinical" | "being-tested-at-scale" | yes | How far the idea has been tested. |
actor | "research" | "clinic" | "industry" | "regulator" | "payer" | "policy" | "patients" | "data" | "philanthropy" | "engineering" | no | Who would have to act: research, clinic, industry, regulator, payer, policy, patients, data, philanthropy. |
cost | "small" | "medium" | "large" | no | Rough cost to try: small (<$1M), medium ($1-50M), large (>$50M). |
horizonYears | integer | no | Time to first evidence of impact in years. |
{
"id": "idea-prostate-randomise-the-sequence-not-only-the-drugs",
"kind": "idea",
"name": "Randomise the order of treatment, not only the drugs: a strategy platform for metastatic prostate cancer",
"aka": [
"sequencing trial prostate cancer",
"PFS2 strategy trial",
"treatment order randomised prostate"
],
"tldr": "Metastatic prostate cancer now has six classes of treatment that work, and no trial has ever compared the orders they can be given in. Every trial adds a dru...",
"summary": "Each of the classes was licensed against placebo or against an older drug, in a population defined by what it had already received: docetaxel against mitoxan...",
"asOf": "2026-09-25",
"tags": [
"prostate-evidence"
],
"related": [
"idea-tr1-standing-platform-per-cancer",
"idea-tr1-smart-designs-for-adaptive-strategies",
"idea-bio1-alternating-schedules"
],
"cancers": [
"prostate",
"prostate-mhspc",
"prostate-mcrpc"
],
"sections": [
"hormonal",
"chemotherapy",
"radiopharma"
],
"technologies": [
"radioligand-therapy",
"psma-pet"
],
"drugs": [
"abiraterone",
"enzalutamide",
"docetaxel"
],
"terms": [
"radiographic-progression-free-survival",
"metastasis-free-survival",
"bipolar-androgen-therapy"
],
"bottlenecks": [
"b-trial-design",
"b-combination-space",
"b-incentive-misalignment"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-denmeade-transformer-bipolar-androgen-therapy-jco-2021",
"paper-de-bono-tropic-cabazitaxel-lancet-2010",
"paper-therap-lancet-2021"
],
"hypothesis": "In metastatic prostate cancer, the sequence in which the available treatment classes are given changes overall survival and time to the second progression by...",
"rationale": "Three lines of argument converge. Mechanistically, resistance to one androgen receptor drug is largely cross-resistance to the other, because both act on the...",
"test": "A publicly funded platform trial with sequence as the randomised unit: at metastatic castration-resistant progression, randomise between pre-specified two-st...",
"maturity": "early-clinical",
"actor": "research",
"cost": "large",
"horizonYears": 7
}The open databases and registries the field runs on.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "collection" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
url | URL | yes | Official URL. |
holds | string | yes | What the collection or database holds. |
license | string | no | Licence the data are released under. |
maintainer | string | no | Who maintains it. |
{
"id": "open-targets",
"kind": "collection",
"name": "Open Targets Platform",
"tldr": "Open Targets scores how strongly each gene is linked to each disease, with the evidence behind it.",
"summary": "The Open Targets Platform scores how strongly each gene is linked to each disease and exposes the evidence behind the score, integrating genetics, expression...",
"asOf": "2026-09-04",
"links": [
{
"label": "Open Targets Platform",
"url": "https://platform.opentargets.org"
}
],
"related": [
"ttd"
],
"technologies": [
"ai-drug-design"
],
"targets": [
"ctnnb1",
"ccnd1",
"tert"
],
"url": "https://platform.opentargets.org",
"holds": "Target-disease association evidence integrating genetics, expression, literature, and drugs.",
"license": "CC0 / open",
"maintainer": "EMBL-EBI, Sanger, GSK, Sanofi, BMS, Pfizer, Genentech"
}The clinicians and scientists doing the work: specialisms, bios, papers, and where to find them.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "person" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
role | string | yes | Current role and affiliation in one line, e.g. "Chief, Breast Medicine Service". |
institutionId | entity id | no | Primary institution (entity id). |
specialisms | string[]default [] | no | Specialisms, for filtering. |
profiles | { label, url }[]default [] | no | Professional links: profile, lab, Google Scholar, ORCID, PubMed, X/LinkedIn.
|
papers | { title, journal, year, url, doi, note }[]default [] | no | Selected publications, most recent or most cited first.
|
orcid | string | no | ORCID id. |
hIndex | integer | no | h-index, if known and sourced. |
papersExpected | boolean | no |
{
"id": "bert-vogelstein",
"kind": "person",
"name": "Bert Vogelstein",
"tldr": "Bert Vogelstein is the most-cited scientist in cancer genetics: he mapped how colorectal cancer develops and founded the field of cancer genome sequencing an...",
"summary": "Bert Vogelstein is Clayton Professor of Oncology, Co-Director of the Ludwig Center and an HHMI Investigator at Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Sidney Kimmel C...",
"asOf": "2026-09-08",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein",
"links": [
{
"label": "Ludwig Center",
"url": "https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel-cancer-center/research/ludwig-center"
},
{
"label": "PubMed",
"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vogelstein%20B%5BAuthor%5D"
}
],
"cancers": [
"colorectal",
"pancreatic"
],
"technologies": [
"mced",
"liquid-biopsy",
"wes-wgs"
],
"targets": [
"tp53",
"kras"
],
"institutions": [
"johns-hopkins"
],
"role": "Clayton Professor of Oncology; Co-Director, Ludwig Center; HHMI Investigator",
"institutionId": "johns-hopkins",
"specialisms": [
"Cancer genetics",
"Colorectal tumorigenesis",
"Liquid biopsy"
],
"profiles": [
{
"label": "Ludwig Center",
"url": "https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel-cancer-center/research/ludwig-center"
},
{
"label": "PubMed",
"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vogelstein%20B%5BAuthor%5D"
}
],
"papers": [
{
"title": "Cancer genome landscapes",
"journal": "Science",
"year": 2013,
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235122",
"doi": "10.1126/science.1235122"
},
{
"title": "Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test",
"journal": "Science",
"year": 2018,
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3247",
"doi": "10.1126/science.aar3247"
},
{
"title": "DETECT-A: a blood test plus PET-CT found treatable cancers in 10,000 women with no symptoms",
"journal": "Science",
"year": 2020,
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb9601",
"doi": "10.1126/science.abb9601"
}
]
}The systemic constraints slowing the whole war on cancer, with the ideas that could break each one.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "bottleneck" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
stage | "biology" | "prevention-detection" | "trials" | "regulation-manufacturing" | "access-delivery" | "data-knowledge" | "funding-incentives" | "people-culture" | yes | Where in the pipeline it bites. |
severity | "critical" | "major" | "moderate" | yes | How much it slows the whole effort. |
metrics | { label, value, source, url }[]default [] | no | Numbers that show the size of the problem, each with a source.
|
causes | string[]default [] | no | Root causes, plain English, one per item. |
currentEfforts | string[]default [] | no | What is already being tried and by whom. |
successLooksLike | string | no | What would count as the bottleneck being broken. |
{
"id": "b-toxicity-qol",
"kind": "bottleneck",
"name": "Toxicity and quality of life are undervalued",
"tldr": "Trials measure how long people live, not how they live. Side-effects are under-reported and under-treated.",
"summary": "Oncology trials are designed around survival and progression, and the harms and lived experience of treatment are secondary at best. Clinicians systematicall...",
"asOf": "2026-09-08",
"links": [
{
"label": "Di Maio et al., Symptomatic toxicities experienced during anticancer treatment: agreement between patient and physician reporting (JCO 2015)",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.57.9334"
},
{
"label": "Davis et al., Availability of evidence of benefits on overall survival and quality of life of cancer drugs approved by EMA 2009-13 (BMJ 2017)",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4530"
},
{
"label": "EORTC Quality of Life Group",
"url": "https://qol.eortc.org/"
}
],
"related": [
"fda-approvals",
"esmo-guidelines",
"idea-moon-toxicity-first-endpoints"
],
"sections": [
"supportive-care"
],
"technologies": [
"scalp-cooling",
"cardio-oncology",
"adc"
],
"companies": [
"curie-nki-eortc"
],
"institutions": [
"esmo",
"asco",
"nci"
],
"terms": [
"irae",
"crs",
"icans"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-davis-bmj",
"paper-di-maio-j-clin-oncol"
],
"stage": "people-culture",
"severity": "major",
"metrics": [
{
"label": "Cancer drug indications approved by the EMA 2009-2013 with no evidence of quality-of-life or survival benefit at approval",
"value": "57%",
"source": "Davis et al., BMJ 2017",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4530"
},
{
"label": "Agreement between physician and patient reporting of symptomatic toxicities (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, hair loss) in three randomi...",
"value": "Physicians under-reported all six symptoms",
"source": "Di Maio et al., JCO 2015",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.57.9334"
},
{
"label": "Median overall survival with routine patient-reported symptom monitoring vs usual care during chemotherapy (randomised)",
"value": "31.2 vs 26.0 months; not replicated",
"source": "Basch et al., JAMA 2017; PRO-TECT, JAMA 2022, found no survival difference",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.7156"
}
],
"causes": [
"Regulatory approval and pricing are based on efficacy endpoints, so sponsors invest little in quality-of-life measurement.",
"Clinician-graded adverse event scales miss what patients feel and ignore chronic low-grade toxicity.",
"Quality-of-life analyses are heterogeneous, unpublished or reported long after the primary paper."
],
"currentEfforts": [
"PRO-CTCAE (NCI) provides a validated patient-reported version of the toxicity scale now used in many trials.",
"The FDA guidance on core patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical trials (2021 draft) specifies which PRO domains should be measured.",
"SISAQOL-IMI is developing consensus standards for analysing and reporting quality-of-life data in cancer trials."
],
"successLooksLike": "Every registrational oncology trial collects and publishes patient-reported outcomes with the primary results, quality of life is graded in every value frame..."
}The papers that changed practice or thinking, each explained: what it found, what it means, and what to be careful about.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "paper" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
journal | string | yes | Journal name as printed. |
year | integer | yes | Publication year. |
doi | string | no | Digital object identifier. |
pmid | string | no | PubMed id. |
authors | string | yes | "Surname A, Surname B, et al." |
paperType | "rct" | "meta-analysis" | "observational" | "real-world" | "basic" | "translational" | "review" | "guideline" | "methods" | yes | Study design. |
findings | string[]default [] | no | The key results, one per item, with the numbers. |
whatItMeans | string | yes | Plain English: what this changes for patients, clinicians or the field. |
caveats | string[]default [] | no | Limitations, open questions, disputes. |
changedPractice | boolean | no | Did it change guidelines or approvals? |
participants | integer | no | Roughly how many participants, for trials and cohorts. |
{
"id": "paper-haslam-jama-netw-open",
"kind": "paper",
"name": "Estimation of the Percentage of US Patients With Cancer Who Are Eligible for and Respond to Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy Drugs",
"tldr": "Paper cited by two bottleneck pages and 32 idea pages, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 31050774 and published in JAMA network open; the citing pages l...",
"summary": "Importance: Immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors have generated considerable interest because of durable responses in a number of hitherto intractable tumor t...",
"asOf": "2026-09-22",
"links": [
{
"label": "JAMA Netw Open 2019",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535"
},
{
"label": "PubMed",
"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31050774/"
},
{
"label": "Europe PMC",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31050774"
}
],
"tags": [
"europepmc-ingest"
],
"related": [
"b-tme-immunosuppression",
"b-immunotherapy-response",
"idea-bio2-tumour-anchored-tgfbeta-trap"
],
"journal": "JAMA network open",
"year": 2019,
"doi": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535",
"pmid": "31050774",
"authors": "Haslam A, Prasad V",
"paperType": "observational",
"whatItMeans": "Two bottleneck pages and 32 idea pages on OnCo cite this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without...",
"caveats": [
"Matched to the citing OnCo records by DOI alone; the summary reproduces the Europe PMC abstract and no figure has been verified against the full paper."
]
}Where the evidence is published: the journals, their scope and access model, and the key papers each one carried.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "journal" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
publisher | string | yes | Publisher. |
url | URL | yes | Official URL. |
issn | string | no | ISSN. |
scope | string | yes | Broad scope: general medicine, oncology, haematology, basic science, radiology, etc. |
access | "subscription" | "hybrid" | "open-access" | "diamond" | no | Open access model: subscription, hybrid, open access, diamond. |
founded | integer | no | Year founded. |
impactFactor | { value, year, source } | no | Latest impact factor or citation metric, with the year it refers to. Optional and clearly labelled.
|
matchNames | string[]default [] | no | Names as they appear in paper records, so papers can be matched to this journal. |
society | string | no | Owning or affiliated society. |
{
"id": "nejm",
"kind": "journal",
"name": "New England Journal of Medicine",
"aka": [
"NEJM",
"N Engl J Med",
"src-nejm"
],
"tldr": "NEJM is the most influential medical journal. When a cancer drug trial changes how patients are treated, the paper is usually here, often published the same ...",
"summary": "Weekly general-medicine journal with the highest bar for randomised evidence and the largest share of practice-changing oncology phase 3 trials (IRIS imatini...",
"asOf": "2026-09-09",
"wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine",
"links": [
{
"label": "Hematology/Oncology specialty page",
"url": "https://www.nejm.org/browse/specialty/hematology-oncology"
}
],
"related": [
"pubmed-europepmc"
],
"notes": [
"Holds: The practice-changing phase 3 trials, most published simultaneously with ASCO, ESMO and ASH presentations. Access: Paywalled; abstracts free; many tri..."
],
"publisher": "NEJM Group / Massachusetts Medical Society",
"url": "https://www.nejm.org",
"issn": "0028-4793",
"scope": "general medicine",
"access": "subscription",
"founded": 1812,
"impactFactor": {
"value": 96.2,
"year": 2023,
"source": "Clarivate Journal Citation Reports 2024 (2023 JIF)"
},
"matchNames": [
"NEJM",
"N Engl J Med",
"New England Journal of Medicine"
],
"society": "Massachusetts Medical Society"
}The readouts a pathology report gives (PD-L1 CPS, HER2 IHC 3+, MSI-high), each under its gene or protein, with the thresholds approvals use and the tests that measure them.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "biomarker" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
target | entity id | no | Parent target id. Required unless `measurement` is genome-wide (GENOME_WIDE_MEASUREMENTS) or `noParentReason` says why there is none; checked in src/lib/biomarkers.test.ts. |
noParentReason | string | no | For the rare readout with no single gene or protein that is not genome-wide either (an arm-level codeletion): why it has no parent. |
measurement | "ihc-score" | "combined-positive-score" | "tumour-proportion-score" | "immune-cell-score" | "tumour-cell-score" | "fish-ratio" | "sequencing-variant" | "msi-status" | "tmb-threshold" | "methylation" | "pet-tracer-expression" | "copy-number" | "hla-typing" | "ctdna-detection" | "genomic-instability-score" | yes | |
scoringRule | { text, quote, source, sourceLabel } | yes | The scoring rule in plain English, with the sentence it was read from and its URL.
|
thresholds | { value, drugId, cancerId, regulator, source, quote, status, note }[]default [] | no |
|
definedBy | { label, url } | no | Where a readout has no approval threshold: the guideline or trial that defines it.
|
tests | string[]default [] | no | Tumour test ids (src/data/tumour-tests.ts) that report this readout. |
assays | string[]default [] | no | Assay registry ids (src/data/assays.ts) for this readout. |
companionDiagnostics | { device, maker, companyId, drugs, indication, pma, source }[]default [] | no |
|
forPatient | string | yes | What the result means for a patient, written only from the label or guideline text. |
{
"id": "ctdna-mrd-positive",
"kind": "biomarker",
"name": "ctDNA MRD positivity (molecular residual disease after curative treatment)",
"aka": [
"ctDNA MRD",
"ctDNA positive",
"ctDNA-positive"
],
"tldr": "A ctDNA MRD test looks for the tumour's own mutations in blood after surgery. Detection predicts relapse months before scans, and in 2026 the FDA approved Si...",
"summary": "Tumour-informed assays (Signatera, RaDaR, NeXT Personal) sequence the tumour first and track a personalised set of variants in plasma; tumour-naive assays (G...",
"asOf": "2026-09-23",
"links": [
{
"label": "FDA: List of FDA-Authorized Companion Diagnostic Devices",
"url": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/list-cleared-or-approved-companion-diagnostic-devices-in-vitro-and-imaging-tools"
},
{
"label": "TECENTRIQ prescribing information (DailyMed)",
"url": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6fa682c9-a312-4932-9831-f286908660ee"
},
{
"label": "Scherer et al., Sci Transl Med 2016: ctDNA genotyping classifies cell of origin and tracks genome evolution in lymphoma (92 patients)",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8545"
}
],
"tags": [
"biomarker",
"genome-wide",
"ctdna"
],
"related": [
"tmb-high",
"esr1-mutation-ctdna"
],
"cancers": [
"urothelial",
"colorectal",
"tnbc"
],
"technologies": [
"ctdna-lymphoma-monitoring"
],
"drugs": [
"atezolizumab",
"signatera",
"guardant-reveal"
],
"terms": [
"ctdna",
"mrd",
"tumour-informed-assay"
],
"keyPapers": [
"paper-radovich-ctdna-ctc-bre12-158-jama-oncol-2020",
"paper-magbanua-ispy2-ctdna-neoadjuvant-ann-oncol-2021",
"paper-turner-c-trak-tn-ctdna-pembrolizumab-ann-oncol-2023"
],
"notes": [
"Triple-negative breast cancer: post-neoadjuvant ctDNA detection carried a distant disease-free survival hazard ratio of 2.99 in BRE12-158 (Radovich 2020) and...",
"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: ctDNA is detectable in 43 to 62% of localised disease before surgery and in 37 to 49% of patients after it, where it predic...",
"Colorectal cancer: this is the disease where tumour-informed residual disease testing was invented and where it has its only randomised evidence. Postoperati..."
],
"measurement": "ctdna-detection",
"scoringRule": {
"text": "Detection of tumour-derived DNA in plasma above the assay's validated calling threshold after curative treatment (Signatera: two or more of 16 patient-specif...",
"quote": "Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) molecular residual disease (MRD): Signatera CDx (Natera, Inc.) Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) - Plasma TECENTRIQ (atezol...",
"source": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/list-cleared-or-approved-companion-diagnostic-devices-in-vitro-and-imaging-tools",
"sourceLabel": "FDA: List of FDA-Authorized Companion Diagnostic Devices"
},
"thresholds": [
{
"value": "ctDNA MRD-positive by Signatera CDx after cystectomy",
"drugId": "atezolizumab",
"cancerId": "urothelial",
"regulator": "FDA",
"source": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/list-cleared-or-approved-companion-diagnostic-devices-in-vitro-and-imaging-tools",
"quote": "Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) molecular residual disease (MRD): ctDNA MRD",
"status": "current",
"note": "FDA companion diagnostic row P260004 (15 May 2026) for Tecentriq in muscle-invasive bladder cancer; the atezolizumab label copy read on DailyMed on 23 Sept 2..."
}
],
"tests": [
"signatera",
"guardant-reveal",
"radar-mrd"
],
"assays": [
"signatera-mrd"
],
"companionDiagnostics": [
{
"device": "Signatera CDx",
"maker": "Natera",
"companyId": "natera",
"drugs": [
"atezolizumab"
],
"indication": "Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) - Plasma",
"pma": "P260004 (05/15/2026)",
"source": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/list-cleared-or-approved-companion-diagnostic-devices-in-vitro-and-imaging-tools"
}
],
"forPatient": "A positive ctDNA test after surgery means traces of the cancer's DNA are still in your blood and relapse is likely without more treatment. In muscle-invasive..."
}One record per year: everything the corpus dates to it, each line linking to the record it was read from. The whole field on one chart is the timeline.
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
kind | "year" | yes | Discriminator; fixed per kind. |
year | integer | yes | Publication year. |
events | { group, date, precision, title, note, from, refs }[]default [] | no |
|
{
"id": "1775",
"kind": "year",
"name": "1775 in oncology",
"aka": [
"1775"
],
"tldr": "Everything OnCo dates to 1775: 1 entry, 1 landmark. Each line links to the record it was read from, so the year is a view of the corpus rather than a second ...",
"summary": "1 dated entry in OnCo fall in 1775: 1 landmark.\n\nOf those, 1 to the year only. Most of the corpus dates a fact to the year, because that is what the source i...",
"asOf": "2026-09-25",
"related": [
"1746",
"1777"
],
"notes": [
"Generated from every dated field in the corpus, not written by hand. The groups and the fields behind them are listed in src/lib/year-groups.ts; the reader i..."
],
"year": 1775,
"events": [
{
"group": "history",
"date": "1775",
"precision": "year",
"title": "Percivall Pott links chimney-sweep soot to scrotal SCC",
"note": "Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. First occupational carcinogen described.",
"from": "cutaneous-scc",
"refs": []
}
]
}One shared list across kinds. Products use the approval and phase values; trials use recruiting, active, completed and the outcome values; technologies use established, emerging and historic.
| Value | Shown as |
|---|---|
approved | Approved |
phase-3 | Phase 3 |
phase-2 | Phase 2 |
phase-1 | Phase 1 |
preclinical | Preclinical |
concept | Concept |
standard-of-care | Standard of care |
established | Established |
emerging | Emerging |
historic | Historic |
withdrawn | Withdrawn |
active | Active |
completed | Completed |
recruiting | Recruiting |
positive | Positive |
negative | Negative |
mixed | Mixed |
planned | Planned |