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Paper cited by two bottleneck pages and 32 idea pages, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 31050774 and published in JAMA network open; the citing pages link this DOI, which is how the record was matched.
Importance: Immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors have generated considerable interest because of durable responses in a number of hitherto intractable tumor types.
Objective: To estimate the percentage of patients with cancer in the United States who are eligible for and respond to checkpoint inhibitor drugs approved for oncology indications by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Design, setting, and participants: Retrospective cross-sectional study performed from June 2018 through October 2018 using publicly available data to determine (1) demographic characteristics of patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, (2) FDA data on checkpoint inhibitors approved from January 2011 through August 2018, (3) measures of response from drug labels, and (4) published reports estimating the frequency of various inclusion criteria.
Main outcomes and measures: The estimated percentages of US patients with cancer who are eligible for and who respond to immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitor drugs, by year.
Results: Six checkpoint inhibitor drugs were approved for 14 indications between March 25, 2011, and August 17, 2018. The estimated percentage of patients with cancer who were eligible for checkpoint inhibitor drugs increased from 1.54% (95% CI, 1.51%-1.57%) in 2011 to 43.63% (95% CI, 43.51%-43.75%) in 2018. The percentage of patients with cancer estimated to respond to checkpoint inhibitor drugs was 0.14% (95% CI, 0.13%-0.15%) in 2011 when ipilimumab was approved for unresectable or metastatic melanoma and increased to 5.86% (95% CI, 5.80%-5.92%) by 2015. By 2018, the estimated percentage of responders increased to 12.46% (95% CI, 12.37%-12.54%).
Conclusions and relevance: The estimated percentages of patients who are eligible for and who respond to checkpoint inhibitor drugs are higher than reported estimates for drugs approved for genome-driven oncology but remain modest. Future research should explore biomarkers to maximize the benefit of immunotherapy among patients receiving it.
Indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 31050774 (DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535). Matched by DOI alone: two bottleneck pages and 32 idea pages cite this DOI among their external links (the pages are listed under Related), and this page was written so that the citation resolves inside OnCo. No figure has been checked by an editor.
Two bottleneck pages and 32 idea pages on OnCo cite this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing pages listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.
Shares Block the complement signal that recruits tumour-protecting cells, Train the bone marrow to make better anti-tumour immune cells, Clear the suppressive neutrophils out of pancreatic tumours first, De-acidify the tumour so T cells can work in it.
Shares Clear the suppressive neutrophils out of pancreatic tumours first, Reprogramme suppressive macrophages instead of trying to delete them, Grow immune command posts inside tumours, Implant a tiny device that tests twenty drugs inside the patient's own tumour.
Shares Mechanically pulverise one tumour with ultrasound to wake the immune system, Pick the radiation dose that switches the immune alarm on, not off, Turn one tumour into a vaccine to treat all the others, Cold tumours and the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Shares Mechanically pulverise one tumour with ultrasound to wake the immune system, Pick the radiation dose that switches the immune alarm on, not off, Turn one tumour into a vaccine to treat all the others, Cold tumours and the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Shares Protect the gut flora of patients about to start immunotherapy, Test a high-fibre diet as an immunotherapy adjunct, Take faecal transplant plus immunotherapy to a definitive trial.
Shares Engineered bacteria that live in tumours and manufacture drugs there, Turn one tumour into a vaccine to treat all the others, Make every cold tumour hot: a coordinated programme to reprogramme immune-excluded tumours, Cold tumours and the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Shares Bispecific antibodies that engage macrophages instead of T cells, Engineered bacteria that live in tumours and manufacture drugs there, Make every cold tumour hot: a coordinated programme to reprogramme immune-excluded tumours, Cold tumours and the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Shares Clear the suppressive neutrophils out of pancreatic tumours first, Match therapy to the type of scar-forming cell in the tumour, Anchor a TGF-beta trap in the tumour stroma so it cannot act everywhere, Cold tumours and the immunosuppressive microenvironment.