{"entity":{"id":"neoantigen-mrna-vaccine","kind":"technology","name":"Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines","aka":[],"tldr":"A vaccine made for one patient, encoding the unique mutations in their own tumour, to train the immune system to hunt it.","summary":"Intismeran autogene (V940/mRNA-4157, Moderna/Merck) with pembrolizumab met RFS and DMFS endpoints in the phase 3 INTerpath-001 trial in resected stage IIB-IV melanoma (August 2026), the first positive phase 3 for an individualised neoantigen therapy. Autogene cevumeran (BioNTech/Genentech) showed durable T-cell responses correlating with recurrence-free survival in pancreatic cancer (phase 1, Balachandran) and is in phase 2. Phase 3 trials in NSCLC, RCC, bladder, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are ongoing.","status":"phase-3","asOf":"2026-09-04","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_vaccine","links":[{"label":"Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_vaccine"}],"tags":[],"related":["idea-neoantigen-immunogenicity-rules"],"cancers":["melanoma","pancreatic","nsclc","rcc"],"sections":["immunotherapy"],"technologies":[],"targets":[],"drugs":["intismeran-autogene","autogene-cevumeran"],"companies":["moderna","merck","biontech","roche-genentech","gritstone","serova","curevac","evaxion","gamgee","geneos-therapeutics","kernal-biologics","nykode-therapeutics","tarebio","transgene","echo-immune","jaime-leandro-foundation","invoke-bio","ubivac"],"institutions":[],"pathways":[],"terms":["neoantigen"],"trials":["interpath-001"],"people":[],"bottlenecks":[],"keyPapers":[],"journals":[],"dependsOn":["wes-wgs","rna-seq","plasmid-dna-manufacturing","sterile-fill-finish"],"notes":[],"principle":"Tumour and normal DNA are sequenced, neoantigens are predicted computationally (up to 34 epitopes), and a patient-specific mRNA is made in lipid nanoparticles for dendritic cell presentation and T-cell priming, usually with PD-1 blockade.","strengths":["Fully personalised, low toxicity","Adjuvant setting where tumour burden is low"],"limitations":["6-8 week manufacturing","Cost","Neoantigen prediction is imperfect; low-TMB tumours have few targets"],"since":2017},"route":"/technologies/neoantigen-mrna-vaccine/","neighbours":{"idea":[{"id":"idea-moon-lynch-vaccine-phase3","kind":"idea","name":"A frameshift neoantigen vaccine for Lynch syndrome carriers as the first preventive cancer vaccine approval","route":"/ideas/idea-moon-lynch-vaccine-phase3/"},{"id":"idea-bio2-n-of-1-framework","kind":"idea","name":"A standing rulebook for one-patient treatments","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-n-of-1-framework/"},{"id":"idea-bio1-mrna-intrabodies","kind":"idea","name":"Instruct tumour cells to make antibodies against their own oncoprotein","route":"/ideas/idea-bio1-mrna-intrabodies/"},{"id":"idea-bio1-omomyc-mrna","kind":"idea","name":"mRNA-delivered MYC decoy proteins instead of MYC inhibitors","route":"/ideas/idea-bio1-omomyc-mrna/"},{"id":"idea-moon-neoantigen-vaccines-at-scale","kind":"idea","name":"Personalised cancer vaccines at commodity cost through fully automated manufacturing","route":"/ideas/idea-moon-neoantigen-vaccines-at-scale/"},{"id":"idea-bio2-mrd-triggered-neoantigen-vaccine","kind":"idea","name":"Personalised vaccines given only when the blood test turns positive","route":"/ideas/idea-bio2-mrd-triggered-neoantigen-vaccine/"},{"id":"idea-fund-shared-personalised-therapy-gmp","kind":"idea","name":"Shared modular GMP facilities for academic personalised vaccines and cell products","route":"/ideas/idea-fund-shared-personalised-therapy-gmp/"},{"id":"idea-bio1-resistance-mutation-vaccine","kind":"idea","name":"Vaccinate against the resistance mutation before it takes over","route":"/ideas/idea-bio1-resistance-mutation-vaccine/"},{"id":"idea-bio1-clonal-neoantigen-vaccines","kind":"idea","name":"Vaccines aimed only at mutations shared by every tumour cell","route":"/ideas/idea-bio1-clonal-neoantigen-vaccines/"},{"id":"idea-neoantigen-immunogenicity-rules","kind":"idea","name":"What makes a neoantigen actually immunogenic?","route":"/ideas/idea-neoantigen-immunogenicity-rules/"}],"cancer":[{"id":"tnbc-early","kind":"cancer","name":"Early triple-negative breast cancer","route":"/cancers/tnbc-early/"},{"id":"glioblastoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Glioma & glioblastoma","route":"/cancers/glioblastoma/"},{"id":"melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Melanoma","route":"/cancers/melanoma/"},{"id":"metastatic-pdac","kind":"cancer","name":"Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/metastatic-pdac/"},{"id":"nsclc","kind":"cancer","name":"Non-small-cell lung cancer","route":"/cancers/nsclc/"},{"id":"pancreatic","kind":"cancer","name":"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/pancreatic/"},{"id":"rcc","kind":"cancer","name":"Renal cell carcinoma","route":"/cancers/rcc/"},{"id":"resectable-pdac","kind":"cancer","name":"Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","route":"/cancers/resectable-pdac/"},{"id":"stage-iii-melanoma","kind":"cancer","name":"Stage III melanoma (after surgery)","route":"/cancers/stage-iii-melanoma/"},{"id":"tnbc","kind":"cancer","name":"Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)","route":"/cancers/tnbc/"}],"section":[{"id":"immunotherapy","kind":"section","name":"Immunotherapy","route":"/fronts/immunotherapy/"}],"drug":[{"id":"autogene-cevumeran","kind":"drug","name":"Autogene cevumeran","route":"/drugs/autogene-cevumeran/"},{"id":"dcvax-l","kind":"drug","name":"DCVax-L","route":"/drugs/dcvax-l/"},{"id":"intismeran-autogene","kind":"drug","name":"Intismeran autogene","route":"/drugs/intismeran-autogene/"}],"company":[{"id":"biontech","kind":"company","name":"BioNTech","route":"/companies/biontech/"},{"id":"cegat","kind":"company","name":"CeGaT","route":"/companies/cegat/"},{"id":"curevac","kind":"company","name":"CureVac","route":"/companies/curevac/"},{"id":"echo-immune","kind":"company","name":"Echo Immune","route":"/companies/echo-immune/"},{"id":"evaxion","kind":"company","name":"Evaxion","route":"/companies/evaxion/"},{"id":"gamgee","kind":"company","name":"Gamgee","route":"/companies/gamgee/"},{"id":"geneos-therapeutics","kind":"company","name":"Geneos Therapeutics","route":"/companies/geneos-therapeutics/"},{"id":"gritstone","kind":"company","name":"Gritstone bio","route":"/companies/gritstone/"},{"id":"invoke-bio","kind":"company","name":"Invoke Bio","route":"/companies/invoke-bio/"},{"id":"jaime-leandro-foundation","kind":"company","name":"Jaime Leandro Foundation","route":"/companies/jaime-leandro-foundation/"},{"id":"kernal-biologics","kind":"company","name":"Kernal Biologics","route":"/companies/kernal-biologics/"},{"id":"merck","kind":"company","name":"Merck & Co. 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