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CD28 is the second signal a T cell needs before it attacks. Many CAR-T cells carry a piece of CD28 inside them to fire harder, ipilimumab works by stopping CTLA-4 from hogging CD28's partners, and a new bispecific antibody presses CD28 directly on T cells that are already bound to prostate cancer cells.
CD28 (chromosome 2q33.2) is the T-cell receptor for CD80 and CD86 that drives T-cell activation, proliferation and survival: it amplifies T-cell receptor signals and delivers its own, recruiting PKC-theta and GRB2 to activate NF-kappa-B through PI3K/AKT-dependent and independent routes and raising proliferation and IL-2 production in CD4 and CD8 T cells (UniProt P10747). In OnCo it appears three ways: as the costimulatory domain built into the CD19 CAR-T products axicabtagene and brexucabtagene (the lisocabtagene record notes slower expansion and less CRS and ICANS than CD28-based products); as the receptor CTLA-4 outcompetes for B7 ligands, the priming step ipilimumab releases; and as the T-cell arm of JNJ-87189401, a PSMA x CD28 costimulatory bispecific in phase 3 for prostate cancer.
In plain words · CD28 is the second signal a T cell needs before it attacks. Many CAR-T cells carry a piece of CD28 inside them to fire harder, ipilimumab works by stopping CTLA-4 from hogging CD28's partners, and a new bispecific antibody presses CD28 directly on T cells that are already bound to prostate cancer cells.
CD28 is the second signal a T cell needs before it attacks. Many CAR-T cells carry a piece of CD28 inside them to fire harder, ipilimumab works by stopping CTLA-4 from hogging CD28's partners, and a new bispecific antibody presses CD28 directly on T cells that are already bound to prostate cancer cells.
CD28 is constitutively expressed on T cells, and CD80 on antigen-presenting cells is its primary auxiliary signal (UniProt P33681).
1 product aims at CD28: bispecific antibodies. Because it sits on the outside of the cell, it can be reached from the bloodstream: antibodies flag the cell, ADCs deliver a toxin, radioligands deliver radiation, and CAR-T or bispecifics bring a T cell.
Immune or microenvironment target: its medicines act on immune, stromal or bone cells rather than on the tumour cell (drug mechanisms in the corpus). HPA CD28: RNA group enriched (lymphoid tissue 29 nTPM, placenta 14 nTPM); blood lineage lineage enriched (T-cells 102 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high. Distribution: 2 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Prostate cancer, Lymphoma); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 1 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)
Sources: Human Protein Atlas CD28 tissue; UniProt P10747; Open Targets ENSG00000178562 associations
First described 1987. Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Aruffo et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 1987, "Molecular cloning of a CD28 cDNA by a high-efficiency COS cell expression system". Source.
CD28 is constitutively expressed on T cells, and CD80 on antigen-presenting cells is its primary auxiliary signal (UniProt P33681). The bispecific approach costimulates only T cells whose other arm is already engaged with a tumour antigen, here PSMA.
RNA: group enriched (lymphoid tissue 29 nTPM, placenta 14 nTPM), detected in many normal tissues. Blood: lineage enriched (T-cells 102 nTPM).
No normal tissue stained high; medium in Lymph node, Tonsil.
No cancer sample stained medium or high.
HPA CD28 tissue · HPA CD28 pathology · HPA protein class: CD markers
Human Protein Atlas version 25.1, antibody staining at reliability approved, enhanced or supported; used under CC BY-SA 3.0. Staining counts are patients per level in the atlas cohort, not population prevalence.
JNJ-87189401 is an experimental costimulatory agent from Janssen Research & Development in phase 3 trials for prostate cancer, aimed at PSMA.
Query for this target: (TITLE:"CD28" OR ABSTRACT:"CD28" OR TITLE:"CD28 molecule" OR ABSTRACT:"CD28 molecule" OR TITLE:"CD28 costimulatory receptor" OR ABSTRACT:"CD28 costimulatory receptor") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about CD28, not a curated reading list.
Shares HHLA2 (B7-H7), Checkpoint (two meanings), PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation and the tag wave5-target.
Shares Checkpoint (two meanings), The cancer-immunity cycle and the tag wave5-target.
Shares PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation and the tag wave5-target.
Shares Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the tag wave5-target.
Shares Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the tag wave5-target.
Shares The cancer-immunity cycle and the tag wave5-target.
Shares Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the tag wave5-target.
Shares Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the tag wave5-target.