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Vaccines that prevent the viral infections behind cervical, throat, anal, and liver cancers. The most effective anti-cancer intervention ever created.
HPV and HBV vaccines are virus-like particle vaccines that induce neutralising antibodies, preventing the persistent oncogenic infections that cause cervical, throat, anal, and liver cancers. Gardasil 9 prevents around 90% of cervical cancers, and Scotland and Sweden report near-zero cervical cancer in fully vaccinated cohorts. The WHO targets cervical cancer elimination through its 90-70-90 goals for vaccination, screening, and treatment, and HBV vaccination has reduced liver cancer incidence in Taiwan and elsewhere. Single-dose HPV schedules expand coverage where multi-dose programmes are hard to deliver, and the vaccines are cheap at scale. Coverage gaps and vaccine hesitancy are the remaining obstacles. The simple version is that these vaccines prevent cancer outright, making them the most effective anti-cancer intervention ever created.
Virus-like particle vaccines induce neutralising antibodies preventing persistent oncogenic infection.
India's first home-made HPV vaccine, protecting against the two virus types that cause most cervical cancers and the two that cause genital warts, at a price meant for a national programme.
HB-200 is a vaccine built from two harmless engineered viruses that teach the immune system to attack the HPV16 proteins inside cervical and throat cancers. It has been tested with pembrolizumab in HPV16-positive head and neck cancer.
Cervarix is a vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18, the two types that cause most cervical cancers, authorised in the EU in 2007 and the US in 2009 after the 18,000-woman PATRICIA trial showed near-complete protection against type-specific precancer. GSK withdrew it from the US in 2016, but it remains WHO-prequalified and used in national programmes, including single-dose schedules.
Gardasil was the first HPV vaccine, licensed in 2006 to prevent cervical and other genital cancers and genital warts. It has been replaced in most countries by the nine-type version, Gardasil 9.
A vaccine against nine HPV types that prevents about 90% of cervical cancers, and now works with a single dose.
School-based vaccination at 12-13 with high uptake nearly abolishes cervical cancer in vaccinated cohorts, even with a vaccine covering only two HPV types. Screening intervals and the future of cervical screening can now be redesigned around vaccination status.
One dose protects. WHO endorsed one- or two-dose schedules in 2022, halving the cost and the logistics of vaccinating girls, which is decisive for India (about 127,500 cervical cancers a year) and for the global elimination target. It also removed the main barrier to India's national programme with its home-made vaccine.
Vaccinating girls before they are exposed to HPV prevents most cervical cancers. Catch-up vaccination in young adults still helps, but less. Combined with HPV screening, elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem is a realistic goal.
Women can collect their own screening sample at home with no loss of accuracy if the laboratory uses a PCR test. Sending kits directly is the most effective way to reach women who do not attend, which matters because most cervical cancers occur in under-screened women.
This is the efficacy evidence behind the EU (2007) and US (2009) approvals of Cervarix. The gap between near-complete type-specific protection and the 30 percent overall effect in the whole cohort is the argument for vaccinating before sexual debut, where the effect was 70 percent.
Query for this technology: (TITLE:"HPV vaccination" OR ABSTRACT:"HPV vaccination" OR TITLE:"HPV vaccine" OR ABSTRACT:"HPV vaccine" OR TITLE:"cervical cancer elimination" OR ABSTRACT:"cervical cancer elimination"). Results are unfiltered search hits about HPV & HBV vaccination, not a curated reading list.
Shares Nubia Muñoz, André Ilbawi, Partha Basu, Switch every country to single-dose HPV vaccination and add catch-up to age 26.
Shares Single-dose HPV vaccination plus HPV self-sampling to reach WHO elimination in low-income countries, Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (precursor), Localised penile cancer (organ-confined, node-negative), Basement membrane & tissue barriers.
Shares Jade Goody, Harald zur Hausen, Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (precursor), Basement membrane & tissue barriers.
Shares Dharmais National Cancer Center, Institut National d'Oncologie, Rabat, Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas.
Shares Jade Goody, Colposcopes and digital cervical screening devices (DYSIS, EVA System, AVE), Basement membrane & tissue barriers, Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical screening.
Shares A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of the 9-valent HPV Vaccine in Chinese Males, Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of 9-valent HPV Recombinant Vaccine in Chinese Healthy Females, HPV quadrivalent vaccine (types 6, 11, 16 and 18), Penile cancer.
Shares A delivery-science moonshot for prevention we already own, Enabling characteristic: tumour-promoting inflammation, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Cancer interception vaccines.
Shares Dharmais National Cancer Center, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Colombia), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Mexico).