The Lancet

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT04720157 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the PSMAddition trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

There has been no clear standard for clear-cell kidney cancer that progresses after immunotherapy; this is the first phase 3 to show a HIF-2 alpha inhibitor combination beating a standard tyrosine kinase inhibitor on progression-free survival in that setting. Whether it changes practice depends on the final overall survival analysis and on regulators, since the interim survival difference did not reach significance and the combination brings the toxicity of two drugs.

A second publication from the trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A second publication from the NordICC trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous transplant is the preferred consolidation for fit patients with primary CNS lymphoma who complete MATRix induction.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT06448312 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A new combination for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma that adds a CD19-directed antibody to the established lenalidomide and rituximab pairing, with the largest progression-free survival hazard ratio reported in the setting.

Nivolumab-ipilimumab is a first-line standard for microsatellite-unstable metastatic colorectal cancer alongside pembrolizumab, with the trade-off of more immune toxicity for deeper and more durable control.

This is the trial behind the first approval of a CAR-T therapy for a solid tumour, in China. The gain in progression-free survival is real but measured in weeks, 15 percent of patients randomised to satri-cel never received it, and nearly every treated patient had cytokine release syndrome, so the trade-off is very different from CAR-T in blood cancers. Overall survival is not reported in the abstract.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT05091567 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the IMforte trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Chemoembolisation combined with durvalumab and bevacizumab is a new option for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma where approved, though overall survival benefit is not yet shown.

For the first time a new drug has beaten pembrolizumab, the global first-line standard, in a randomised lung cancer trial, and it did so by combining checkpoint blockade with anti-angiogenesis in one molecule. For patients outside China nothing changes yet: the drug is not approved in the West, the trial was single-country, and survival benefit has not been shown. If confirmed in the global HARMONi-3 and HARMONi-7 trials, PD-1 x VEGF bispecifics could replace PD-1 antibodies as the immunotherapy backbone.

The authors' conclusion is that ibrutinib-rituximab should be considered a new standard-of-care option for first-line treatment of older patients with mantle-cell lymphoma. The subgroup split means it is clearly better than R-CHOP and roughly equivalent to bendamustine-rituximab.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT05840016 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Lenvatinib-pembrolizumab with chemoembolisation is an emerging option for intermediate-stage disease, balanced against substantial toxicity.

Retifanlimab with carboplatin-paclitaxel is the new first-line standard for advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma; approved in the United States in May 2025.

Relacorilant with nab-paclitaxel is a new option for platinum-resistant disease that does not depend on folate receptor status, with regulatory review following the trial.

A second publication from the TALAPRO-2 trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT05425940 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the STELLAR-303 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT04689828 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the PSMAfore trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A second publication from the PHERGain trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

PD-1 blockade added to chemoradiotherapy is a new option for high-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma; longer follow-up will show whether it lengthens survival.

Comprehensive genomic profiling at diagnosis is now justified for unfavourable cancer of unknown primary, with a switch to a matched drug after induction chemotherapy when an actionable target is found.

Sunitinib has the highest level of evidence of any drug for progressive metastatic phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma, alongside the later approval of belzutifan.

For fit younger patients treated in the intensive German tradition, BrECADD replaces escalated BEACOPP; how it compares with nivolumab-AVD from S1826 is the open question.

One of the most cited trial reports Europe PMC returns for Glofitamab in Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, so it is a natural first reading for anyone weighing the idea it is linked from. The record was linked automatically by title and abstract; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.

IMerge validated telomerase as a drug target in cancer, decades after its discovery, and gave a second-line option for MDS patients whose anaemia no longer responds to erythropoietin or luspatercept. The hint of clonal reduction is what makes the drug interesting beyond transfusion counts. Cytopenias require close monitoring in the first cycles.

Short induction chemotherapy is a standard option before chemoradiation, particularly where pembrolizumab is unaffordable, and can be delivered in most health systems.

For the first time a randomised trial suggests that a vaccine tailored to an individual's tumour can reduce relapse when combined with immunotherapy, which is a proof of concept for a field that had failed for decades. Nothing changes for patients yet: the trial was small, the confidence interval crossed one, and the phase 3 trial in melanoma (and parallel trials in lung and other cancers) must confirm it. If it does, personalised mRNA vaccines could become a routine adjunct to checkpoint inhibitors after surgery.

The survival gain turns the earlier progression-free survival result into a clear reason to offer pembrolizumab with and after chemoradiotherapy to women with node-positive or stage III-IVA cervical cancer. Because cervical cancer is concentrated in low- and middle-income countries, the benefit reaches most women only if pricing and access follow.

Women with locally advanced cervical cancer that is node-positive or stage III-IVA can be offered pembrolizumab alongside and after chemoradiotherapy to lower the chance of relapse. The result matters most in countries where cervical cancer is common but immunotherapy access is poorest, so its global impact depends on pricing and health-system capacity. It does not apply to early-stage disease treated with surgery or to lower-risk locally advanced disease without nodal involvement.

Patients newly diagnosed with an advanced grade 2 or 3 neuroendocrine tumour of the gut or pancreas that shows somatostatin receptors on imaging can now receive lutetium dotatate as their first treatment, gaining more than a year of additional disease control and a much higher chance of tumour shrinkage. It does not settle whether radioligand therapy is better than other first-line options such as capecitabine-temozolomide or everolimus, and long-term marrow safety with earlier use needs surveillance.

Patients with advanced synovial sarcoma, a rare cancer of young adults with few effective drugs, now have an approved cell therapy that produces responses lasting about a year in a substantial minority, if their tissue type and tumour antigen match. It proves that engineered T cells can work against a solid tumour when a good target is present, which had been elusive. It is not a cure for most, requires specialised centres, and only a minority of patients are eligible.

Ibrutinib during induction and as maintenance should be part of first-line treatment for younger patients with mantle cell lymphoma; whether transplant adds anything to an ibrutinib-containing regimen is still being followed.

One cancer page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

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Patients with KRAS G12C lung cancer that has progressed after chemo-immunotherapy can take an oral KRAS inhibitor instead of docetaxel and gain a somewhat longer time to progression with fewer severe side effects, but should understand that most tumours become resistant within a year and that survival is not improved. KRAS G12C testing is worthwhile, but first-generation inhibitors are a step rather than a cure; combinations and next-generation inhibitors are the active research fronts.

COMMANDS moved luspatercept from second line (after ESA failure, MEDALIST trial) to first line, offering transfusion-dependent lower-risk MDS patients a better chance of transfusion freedom from the start. It changed guidelines and labels in 2023. Erythropoietin remains a reasonable and cheaper option for patients without ring sideroblasts or with low transfusion burden.

A third refractory-line option, and the clearest example in colorectal cancer of a drug developed and approved in China going on to a global registration trial.

Adjuvant immunotherapy is not standard after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma; surveillance, antiviral therapy and risk factor control remain the approach.

Pembrolizumab with chemotherapy is approved and offered first line, particularly in epithelioid disease where dual immunotherapy showed little benefit over chemotherapy.

Pembrolizumab with trastuzumab and chemotherapy is the first-line standard for HER2-positive gastric cancer with a PD-L1 combined positive score of 1 or more.

Pembrolizumab with gemcitabine-cisplatin is an approved first-line option for advanced biliary tract cancer alongside durvalumab-based therapy.

MOMENTUM addressed the biggest gap left by ruxolitinib: patients whose anaemia makes standard JAK inhibition hard to give. Momelotinib is now the preferred option for anaemic, previously treated myelofibrosis and is being adopted in first line for anaemic patients. The absolute symptom benefit is modest and durable disease modification has not been shown.

For fit patients with newly diagnosed metastatic pancreatic cancer, a FOLFIRINOX-type regimen is now proven to be better than gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, settling a long-standing debate. The absolute gain is about two months of median survival, and the regimen is more toxic for the gut. Whether liposomal irinotecan adds anything over conventional irinotecan (standard FOLFIRINOX) has never been tested head-to-head.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT03901339 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the TROPiCS-02 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A multi-cancer blood test can be run in ordinary clinics, and most positive results can be resolved with imaging. But six in ten positives are false alarms that take months to resolve, and the test misses most cancers. Whether it reduces late-stage cancer or deaths is unknown; that requires randomised trials.

QuANTUM-First gave FLT3-ITD AML patients a second front-line targeted option and showed that continuing a FLT3 inhibitor as long-term maintenance, including after transplant, pays off. Quizartinib was approved for this indication in 2023. Head-to-head data against midostaurin are lacking, and the design leaves open how much of the benefit came from maintenance.

Patients with newly diagnosed advanced stomach cancer should now have Claudin 18.2 tested alongside HER2, PD-L1 and mismatch repair, because roughly a third will be eligible for zolbetuximab, which adds about three months of median survival. The main practical problem is nausea and vomiting during infusions, which needs aggressive prophylaxis. How to sequence or combine it with immunotherapy in PD-L1-positive tumours is unresolved.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT03395197 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the TALAPRO-2 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A second publication from the DESTINY-Breast03 trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT01957436 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the PEACE-1 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

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MEK inhibition is a standard option for recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer, and the trial validated the MAPK pathway as the disease's therapeutic target, now extended by avutometinib-defactinib.

Adjuvant pembrolizumab is approved for stage IIB and IIC melanoma, though the absolute benefit and lack of survival data make observation a reasonable alternative after discussion.

Two years of abiraterone with androgen deprivation and radiotherapy is the standard for very high-risk and node-positive localised prostate cancer.

TRANSFORM confirmed ZUMA-7's conclusion with a different CD19 CAR-T and a more permissive design that allowed bridging chemotherapy, making the results closer to real-world practice. Liso-cel's low toxicity makes it attractive for older or frailer patients and for outpatient delivery. Together the two trials made CAR-T the standard second-line therapy for early-relapsing aggressive lymphoma.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT03392428 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the TheraP trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Adjuvant immunotherapy entered lung cancer here, and with it the question that still divides practice: whether it is better given before the operation, after it, or on both sides.

CARTITUDE-1 showed that a single CAR-T infusion can put late-stage myeloma into deep, multi-year remission, leading to FDA approval of cilta-cel in 2022 for heavily pretreated disease. It set the efficacy bar for BCMA-directed therapy and motivated moving CAR-T earlier (CARTITUDE-4). Late neurological toxicity and secondary malignancies remain the safety questions.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT03088540 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the EMPOWER-Lung 1 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Patients with newly diagnosed advanced stomach or oesophageal adenocarcinoma whose tumour is HER2-negative and PD-L1 positive (CPS 5 or more, or at least 1 in some regions) should receive chemotherapy with nivolumab (or pembrolizumab, from KEYNOTE-859), which adds about three months of median survival and doubles the chance of being alive at three years. The benefit in PD-L1-negative tumours is doubtful, and these patients may be better served by chemotherapy alone or by trials.

Nivolumab-ipilimumab is the preferred first-line treatment for non-epithelioid pleural mesothelioma and an option in epithelioid disease alongside chemo-immunotherapy.

School-based vaccination at 12-13 with high uptake nearly abolishes cervical cancer in vaccinated cohorts, even with a vaccine covering only two HPV types. Screening intervals and the future of cervical screening can now be redesigned around vaccination status.

Older patients are more likely to be harmed by standard-dose chemotherapy, and a structured assessment of function, cognition, nutrition and social support lets oncologists adjust treatment safely. Starting lower does not appear to shorten life. Most older patients still do not get such an assessment.

It is the prospective test of the PI3K and androgen receptor feedback hypothesis in men, and it shows both halves of the answer: the biomarker-selected population benefits, and the benefit is small enough that the toxicity has to be weighed honestly.

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy is a first-line standard for advanced oesophageal cancer, with the strongest recommendation for PD-L1-expressing tumours.

One bottleneck page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Cabozantinib is the preferred first-line targeted therapy for metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma; immunotherapy combinations are being tested on top of it.

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Paclitaxel with antiretroviral therapy is the treatment to supply for advanced AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in resource-limited settings; cheaper regimens are inferior.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT02908672 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the IMspire150 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

People with Lynch syndrome should be offered daily aspirin, which roughly halves bowel cancer risk with a delayed and durable effect. Whether a lower dose (as tested in CAPP3) is as effective, and whether the finding extends to the general population, are separate questions.

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ELEVATE-TN put a more selective BTK inhibitor into first-line CLL and, with the head-to-head ELEVATE-RR trial, showed it is as effective as ibrutinib with fewer cardiac side effects. Continuous acalabrutinib became one of the two main front-line options alongside fixed-duration venetoclax combinations. The trade-off is indefinite therapy and cost versus a time-limited course.

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The evidence that made lisocabtagene maraleucel the CD19 CAR-T product most often chosen for older or frailer patients, because its severe cytokine release syndrome rate is a fraction of the other two products'.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT03197935 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the IMpassion031 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT02819518 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the KEYNOTE-355 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

PSMA PET-CT is the preferred staging investigation for high-risk prostate cancer and for biochemical recurrence, though most treatment trials were designed with conventional imaging.

Observation with early salvage radiotherapy at PSA recurrence is standard after prostatectomy, avoiding radiotherapy in most men who would never have needed it.

The UCART19 report was the first clinical evidence that a universal, pre-manufactured CAR-T made from a donor can work, avoiding the weeks of autologous manufacturing and the problem of patients whose own T cells are too damaged. It set the template for later allogeneic programmes (including cemacabtagene autoleucel in the ALPHA studies) and for in vivo CAR generation. Short persistence and the need for deep lymphodepletion remain the central weaknesses.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT00712140 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the PERSEPHONE trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

One cancer page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Quadruplet induction with a CD38 antibody became the standard for transplant-eligible patients in Europe. PERSEUS later did the same with the lenalidomide-based backbone used elsewhere.

One pathway page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Cetuximab is not an acceptable substitute for cisplatin in HPV-positive disease; de-escalation must be tested through other routes such as dose reduction after response or surgery-based pathways.

Immunotherapy is now part of first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer everywhere, on the strength of a gain measured in weeks. The size of that gain is the reason small-cell lung cancer remains the clearest unmet need in thoracic oncology.

FLOT is the reference perioperative regimen for gastric and junctional adenocarcinoma, and the backbone onto which durvalumab was added in MATTERHORN.

Four cycles rather than six for young patients with limited-stage, low-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma. The saving is two cycles of anthracycline and vincristine in people who will live for decades afterwards.

One technology page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

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Patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer that has recurred or spread should be treated first with pembrolizumab: alone if their tumour is strongly PD-L1 positive and they can wait for a slower response, or with chemotherapy if the tumour is bulky or PD-L1 low. Cetuximab-based chemotherapy is no longer the default. Long-term follow-up shows a small but real group of patients alive at four to five years, which was almost unheard of before.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT00103181 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the NSABP B-39 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Cisplatin chemoradiation is the standard for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer; cetuximab is reserved for patients who cannot receive cisplatin.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT02220894 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the KEYNOTE-042 trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

One of the most cited papers Europe PMC returns for Jean-Pascal Machiels at King Albert II Cancer Institute, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, so it is a natural starting point for reading their work. The record was linked automatically from the author list and affiliation; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.

One cancer page, one trial page, one treatment page and one target page on OnCo cite this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing pages listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT01446744 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

One trial page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

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CONCORD is the evidence base for national cancer plans and for the statement that where you live changes your chance of surviving cancer. Its country tables are the benchmark health systems use to judge early diagnosis and treatment access.

One technology page and one bottleneck page on OnCo cite this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing pages listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

It is the strongest evidence that an immune measurement should sit beside TNM staging in colon cancer, and the basis for using it to decide adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II disease, which is where the argument is now.

One trial page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Lenvatinib is a first-line alternative to sorafenib and the preferred kinase inhibitor when immunotherapy is contraindicated, such as after liver transplantation.

A second publication from the HERA trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Brentuximab vedotin is a standard for CD30-positive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma requiring systemic therapy, including large cell transformation.

One of the most cited papers Europe PMC returns for Keunchil Park at Samsung Medical Center, so it is a natural starting point for reading their work. The record was linked automatically from the author list and affiliation; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.

Radiotherapy followed by a year of temozolomide is the standard for grade 3 IDH-mutant astrocytoma; concurrent temozolomide is not needed, and IDH-wild-type tumours behave and are treated like glioblastoma.

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Gemcitabine plus capecitabine became the adjuvant regimen for patients unfit for modified FOLFIRINOX, and remains the comparator in European trials of adjuvant treatment.

ASCEND-4 gave ceritinib its 2017 US first-line approval and showed that a second-generation ALK inhibitor beats chemotherapy in untreated disease. In practice alectinib, brigatinib and lorlatinib, tested against crizotinib rather than chemotherapy, became the usual first-line choices, partly because ceritinib's gut side effects at 750 mg fasted were hard to live with.

Durability is what makes endoscopic screening cost-effective: one procedure at 55 buys nearly two decades of protection, which is the argument for long intervals rather than frequent tests.

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The basis for four cycles of escalated BEACOPP as the German standard when the interim scan is negative, and the reason rituximab was abandoned as an addition to that regimen. The authors recommend the scan-guided strategy for all patients with advanced-stage disease.

The evidence that put a scan in front of the biopsy. It reduces the number of men who are biopsied at all, reduces the number of harmless cancers found, and increases the number of dangerous ones, which is the only combination that improves a screening pathway on both sides at once.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT00268476 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the STAMPEDE trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

One of the most cited papers Europe PMC returns for Keunchil Park at Samsung Medical Center, so it is a natural starting point for reading their work. The record was linked automatically from the author list and affiliation; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.

Eribulin is an approved later-line treatment for liposarcoma, one of the few sarcoma drugs with a demonstrated survival benefit.

Gemcitabine and cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the backbone of the toripalimab, camrelizumab and tislelizumab combinations.

Alongside the CheckMate trials this study replaced docetaxel with PD-1 blockade as second-line treatment for most lung cancers, and its PD-L1 threshold of 1% became the basis of pembrolizumab's label in previously treated disease.

The first approved second-line regimen and the basis of NALIRIFOX, which NAPOLI 3 later moved to first line; it fixed the sequence (gemcitabine-based first, then liposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil) written into the 2018 ASCO guideline.

One of the most cited papers Europe PMC returns for Robin L. Jones at The Royal Marsden, so it is a natural starting point for reading their work. The record was linked automatically from the author list and affiliation; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.

Whole-brain radiotherapy is not a default for poor-prognosis brain metastases; supportive care alone is an acceptable choice, with radiotherapy reserved for selected younger, fitter patients.

Everolimus is approved for progressive lung and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours and is a standard option after somatostatin analogues, particularly in lung carcinoids where radioligand therapy is off label.

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Patients at high risk of relapse after autologous transplant are offered brentuximab vedotin consolidation; the benefit is largest in those with two or more risk factors.

BRAF plus MEK inhibitor doublets replaced BRAF monotherapy, and dabrafenib-trametinib became the reference regimen for BRAF-mutant melanoma, later extended to adjuvant use in COMBI-AD.

Sorafenib is an approved option for iodine-refractory thyroid cancer, now usually used after or instead of lenvatinib depending on tolerability.

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The basis of the US accelerated approval pathway on pathological complete response that KEYNOTE-522 and neoadjuvant trials since have used, together with the warning that a higher response rate in a trial is a promise, not a proof, of longer life.

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Regorafenib is the standard third-line treatment for GIST after imatinib and sunitinib.

The start of the refractory-line era in colorectal cancer: a survival benefit measured in weeks, with real toxicity, which is why dose-escalation strategies and patient selection have occupied the field since.

Adjuvant CAPOX after D2 gastrectomy is a standard option for operable stage II to III gastric cancer, alongside S-1 in Japan.

Chemotherapy works in receptor-negative disease at least as well as in receptor-positive disease in proportional terms, and because triple-negative absolute risk is high the absolute gain is large; this is why anthracycline and taxane backbone survived into KEYNOTE-522 and why SCARLET now asks whether the anthracycline can go.

One term page and one bottleneck page on OnCo cite this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing pages listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

One term page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

One treatment page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

The trial that made two years of rituximab maintenance a routine offer after first-line immunochemotherapy for follicular lymphoma with a high tumour burden.

Mitoxantrone-based reinduction became the reference treatment for relapsed childhood ALL and the control arm of later international relapse trials.

One technology page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

The trial behind England's short-lived bowel scope screening programme, and the clearest demonstration that one endoscopic look, by removing adenomas, prevents cancer rather than only advancing its diagnosis.

Vaginal brachytherapy is the standard adjuvant treatment for high-intermediate-risk endometrial cancer, with pelvic radiotherapy reserved for higher-risk features such as substantial lymphovascular invasion or p53 abnormality.

ToGA made gastric cancer the second disease treated by HER2 status and introduced gastric-specific HER2 scoring. It is the base on which trastuzumab deruxtecan and pembrolizumab combinations in HER2-positive gastric cancer have built.

Proof that a cancer resistant to one taxane is not resistant to all of them, and the beginning of treatment sequencing in castration-resistant disease. The CARD trial later showed that after an androgen receptor drug has failed, cabazitaxel beats switching to the other androgen receptor drug.

This is the efficacy evidence behind the EU (2007) and US (2009) approvals of Cervarix. The gap between near-complete type-specific protection and the 30 percent overall effect in the whole cohort is the argument for vaccinating before sexual debut, where the effect was 70 percent.

One bottleneck page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

The trial that made preoperative rather than postoperative radiotherapy the UK standard, and the one whose circumferential resection margin pathology protocol, led by Quirke, became the quality measure for rectal surgery worldwide.

Placental-site trophoblastic tumour is managed by hysterectomy for early disease and platinum chemotherapy for advanced disease, and the interval since pregnancy identifies women who need intensified or experimental treatment.

The number every stage II conversation still uses. It is also the baseline against which ctDNA-guided de-escalation is judged: DYNAMIC halved chemotherapy use in exactly this group without losing recurrence-free survival.

One technology page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

Interfant-99 defined the risk groups and backbone used in Interfant-06 and Interfant-21.

Sunitinib is the standard second-line kinase inhibitor for GIST, with particular activity against KIT exon 9 and exon 13/14 secondary mutations.

One of the most cited trial reports Europe PMC returns for JAK2 in Polycythaemia vera, so it is a natural first reading for anyone weighing the idea it is linked from. The record was linked automatically by title and abstract; read the abstract above and the paper itself before relying on any figure.

Targeted visual screening of tobacco and alcohol users is a cheap, workable way to cut oral cancer deaths in high-incidence countries, and is the basis for India's national oral cancer screening component. Its effect depends on people attending repeatedly and on treatment being available.

Single-dose carboplatin is the adjuvant option for stage I seminoma where surveillance is not chosen; radiotherapy is now rarely used because of second cancer risk.

Transarterial chemoembolisation is the standard treatment for BCLC stage B hepatocellular carcinoma, now being combined with systemic therapy.

Both sequences are standard; preoperative radiotherapy is favoured for large deep tumours because of better long-term function, with postoperative radiotherapy where wound risk is high.

Together with the 2002 Nature review this essay put inflammation on the cancer research agenda; the tumour-associated macrophage and IL-6 work that followed, and the aspirin prevention trials, trace back to it.

One technology page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.

The evidence that a cheap home test posted to a whole population saves lives, and the reason England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland all run bowel screening programmes; the 40 percent who never did the test are the reason uptake is still the biggest lever.

The second randomised trial to show the same effect in a different health system; together with Nottingham and Minnesota it made biennial stool testing an accepted public health intervention across Europe.

Antibiotic eradication is the first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori-positive gastric MALT lymphoma, curing most patients without chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

The start of viral oncology. Everything in cancer prevention that works by preventing or treating an infection, from hepatitis B vaccination to Helicobacter eradication for gastric MALT lymphoma, descends from the idea this paper established.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT04720157 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the PSMAddition trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

There has been no clear standard for clear-cell kidney cancer that progresses after immunotherapy; this is the first phase 3 to show a HIF-2 alpha inhibitor combination beating a standard tyrosine kinase inhibitor on progression-free survival in that setting. Whether it changes practice depends on the final overall survival analysis and on regulators, since the interim survival difference did not reach significance and the combination brings the toxicity of two drugs.

A second publication from the trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A second publication from the NordICC trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

High-dose chemotherapy with autologous transplant is the preferred consolidation for fit patients with primary CNS lymphoma who complete MATRix induction.

This is the paper Europe PMC returns for registry id NCT06448312 with the most citations, so it is the natural first reading for anyone following the trial. Read the abstract above alongside the trial page and the registry entry; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.

A new combination for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma that adds a CD19-directed antibody to the established lenalidomide and rituximab pairing, with the largest progression-free survival hazard ratio reported in the setting.

Nivolumab-ipilimumab is a first-line standard for microsatellite-unstable metastatic colorectal cancer alongside pembrolizumab, with the trade-off of more immune toxicity for deeper and more durable control.