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A target and a way of hitting it: ATP-competitive, allosteric or covalent kinase inhibitors, PARP trapping, hormone receptor blockade. The grid asks which targets have been hit with which mechanism class. The grid below is target against mechanism class: 120 by 17 from 300 medicines, 94 combinations approved, 33 in development, 10 tried and stopped, 1,906 untried in this corpus.
ADU-S100 was the first STING agonist in the clinic. Injected directly into tumours, it produced almost no responses, alone or with checkpoint blockade.
Aminoglutethimide produced a medical adrenalectomy for advanced breast and prostate cancer in the 1970s and 1980s, the ancestor of today's aromatase inhibitors, and was withdrawn once selective drugs arrived.
The other endothelin blocker. Adding it to chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer changed nothing, and the trial was stopped for futility.
Median overall survival 24.5 against 22.5 months (hazard ratio 0.87, 95.2 percent confidence interval 0.69 to 1.10, p=0.240): not significant, with peripheral oedema in 44 percent and cardiac failure of any grade in 5.7 against 1.7 percent.
ENTHUSE M1: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median overall survival 17.8 against 17.6 months (hazard ratio 1.04, 95 percent confidence interval 0.90 to 1.19) and progression-free survival 9.2 against 9.1 months (1.02, 0.89 to 1.16); halted early for futility, and no difference in pain palliation.
SWOG S0421: phase 3, negative · trial record
Copanlisib is an intravenous PI3K inhibitor for relapsed follicular lymphoma, approved in 2017 and withdrawn in 2023 when its confirmatory trial failed.
Aliqopa accelerated approval Sep 2017; withdrawn by Bayer Nov 2023 after CHRONOS-4
FDA (US): withdrawn 2023 · regulator row
Marketing authorisation application withdrawn before a CHMP opinion
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 6.5 years after its accelerated approval.
Eprenetapopt (APR-246) was a drug meant to refold mutant p53, the most common broken protein in cancer. Its phase 3 in blood cancer failed in 2020.
Formestane, launched in Europe in 1993, was the first selective aromatase inhibitor for advanced breast cancer, given by injection every two weeks; oral exemestane and the non-steroidal inhibitors made it redundant within a few years.
An experimental prostate cancer tablet meant to work in men whose cancer makes a broken form of the androgen receptor. The trial designed to prove it collapsed.
Closed early after 38 of a planned 148 men were randomised; AR-V7 prevalence 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval 6 to 10) among 953 prescreened men. PSA50 response 13 percent with galeterone against 42 percent with enzalutamide. Galeterone development stopped.
ARMOR3-SV: phase 3, negative · trial record
Infigratinib is an FGFR inhibitor pill given accelerated approval in the United States in 2021 for bile duct cancer with an FGFR2 fusion, then withdrawn in 2024 when its confirmatory trial could not enrol; it is now being developed for achondroplasia instead.
Febseltiq (Helsinn Birex Pharmaceuticals Ltd): marketing authorisation application withdrawn before a Commission decision. EMA register: 'Application withdrawn: The application for this medicine has been withdrawn'; checked 2026-09-24
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 3.0 years after its accelerated approval.
Billed as the first PARP inhibitor for triple-negative breast cancer, it failed its phase 3 in 2011. It turned out not to inhibit PARP at all.
A drug designed to block the part of the androgen receptor that resistant variants keep; its phase 2 was stopped for futility and development ended.
Mobocertinib was the first oral drug for EGFR exon 20 insertion lung cancer, approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2023-24 after its confirmatory trial failed.
Exkivity accelerated approval Sep 2021; withdrawn by Takeda Oct 2023 after EXCLAIM-2
FDA (US): withdrawn 2023 · regulator row
Marketing authorisation application withdrawn before a CHMP opinion
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 2.8 years after its accelerated approval.
Napabucasin, an oral drug marketed as a cancer stemness inhibitor, was tested in 1,134 people with untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer on top of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine; survival was identical and the trial was stopped for futility.
Median overall survival 11.4 months with napabucasin plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine against 11.7 months with chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio 1.07, 95 percent confidence interval 0.93 to 1.23); terminated for futility.
CanStem111P: phase 3, negative · trial record
Olmutinib was a Korean-developed EGFR pill approved in South Korea in 2016 for lung cancers that had developed the T790M resistance mutation, the same niche as osimertinib; severe skin reactions and osimertinib's success ended its development.
A more selective version of abiraterone that was meant to avoid the need for steroids. It delayed the cancer on scans but did not help men live longer, and was abandoned.
Median radiographic progression-free survival 13.8 against 8.7 months (hazard ratio 0.71, 95 percent confidence interval 0.63 to 0.80, p<0.0001) but overall survival 31.4 against 29.5 months (0.92, 0.79 to 1.08, p=0.31); development stopped.
ELM-PC 4: phase 3, negative · trial record
An HDAC inhibitor for relapsed myeloma approved in 2015 and withdrawn in 2021 after its confirmatory trial was never completed.
Farydak accelerated approval Feb 2015; US approval withdrawn 2022 at Secura Bio's request
FDA (US): withdrawn 2022 · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 7.1 years after its accelerated approval.
Poziotinib was a tablet designed to fit the awkward shape of HER2 and EGFR exon 20 mutations in lung cancer. It shrank tumours in some patients but caused severe rash and diarrhoea, and the FDA declined to approve it in 2022.
CHMP negative opinion 22 May 2025 on Kinselby (4SC) for advanced mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
EMA / European Commission (EU): rejected 2025 · regulator row
CHMP negative opinion on Kinselby (resminostat) for advanced mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Tazemetostat was the first EZH2 inhibitor, approved for epithelioid sarcoma and follicular lymphoma in 2020 and withdrawn worldwide in 2026 after secondary blood cancers.
Withdrawn over secondary haematologic malignancies
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 6.4 years after its accelerated approval.
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 6.0 years after its accelerated approval.
FDA and Ipsen alignelment: Due to unfeasibility and the resulting inability to meet the required enrolment targets. No safety concerns.
Tazemetostat with doxorubicin as front-line therapy for advanced epithelioid sarcoma (EZH-301 run-in): phase 1, terminated or withdrawn · trial record
A PI3K inhibitor for marginal zone and follicular lymphoma approved in 2021 and withdrawn in 2022 after the UNITY-CLL trial suggested more deaths.
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 1.3 years after its accelerated approval.
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 1.3 years after its accelerated approval.
A pill that blocked the HER family of growth receptors, tested with capecitabine as second-line treatment for bile duct and gallbladder cancer. It did not beat capecitabine alone in the TreeTopp trial and development stopped.
ORR 9.4% vs 4.8%; PFS 2.83 vs 2.79 months, HR 0.90; OS 7.8 vs 7.5 months, HR 1.11; gallbladder subgroup PFS 2.9 vs 1.6 months, HR 0.55 (0.26 to 1.19).
TreeTopp: phase 2/3, negative · trial record
Veliparib is a PARP inhibitor that AbbVie tested with chemotherapy in breast cancer. It added nothing to carboplatin before surgery (BrighTNess) and lengthened progression-free but not overall survival with carboplatin and paclitaxel in inherited BRCA advanced disease (BROCADE3), so it was never licensed.
A drug blocking a signal that prostate cancer uses to grow in bone. Three trials in prostate cancer found no survival benefit and it was dropped.
Median overall survival 24.5 against 22.5 months (hazard ratio 0.87, 95.2 percent confidence interval 0.69 to 1.10, p=0.240): not significant, with peripheral oedema in 44 percent and cardiac failure of any grade in 5.7 against 1.7 percent.
ENTHUSE M1: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median overall survival 17.8 against 17.6 months (hazard ratio 1.04, 95 percent confidence interval 0.90 to 1.19) and progression-free survival 9.2 against 9.1 months (1.02, 0.89 to 1.16); halted early for futility, and no difference in pain palliation.
SWOG S0421: phase 3, negative · trial record
Zemfirza (AstraZeneca AB): marketing authorisation application for relapsed ovarian cancer withdrawn 19 Sep 2016 before a Commission decision. EMA register: 'Application withdrawn: The application for this medicine has been withdrawn'; checked 2026-09-24
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
PFS 33.1 vs 28.2 months, not significant.
persevERA: phase 3, negative · trial record
PFS 7.4 vs 6.1 months (HR 1.02, 0.71 to 1.45); OS 24.4 vs 24.9 months (HR 1.08). Negative.
IPATunity130: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median symptomatic skeletal event-free survival 22.3 against 26.0 months (hazard ratio 1.122, 95 percent confidence interval 0.917 to 1.374, p=0.2636): no benefit. Fractures of any grade in 29 against 11 percent, grade 3 to 4 fractures in 9 against 3 percent.
ERA 223: phase 3, negative · trial record
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 2.3 years after its accelerated approval.
CHMP negative opinion 23 Jul 2026 on Qezzaqar (catequentinib; applicant CATS Consultants) for synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma
EMA / European Commission (EU): rejected 2026 · regulator row
PFS HR 1.25 (negative).
VOYAGER: phase 3, negative · trial record
Primary endpoint not met (ASCO GU 2026).
LITESPARK-012: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median overall survival 11.0 against 9.8 months (hazard ratio 0.90, 95 percent confidence interval 0.76 to 1.06, p=0.213): not met. Bone scan response at 12 weeks 42 against 3 percent and radiographic progression-free survival 5.6 against 2.8 months.
COMET-1: phase 3, negative · trial record
PFS HR 1.03; OS HR 0.94, negative.
CONTACT-03: phase 3, negative · trial record
Onsenal: authorised 17 Oct 2003; marketing authorisation withdrawn 28 Nov 2008. EMA register: 'Withdrawn: This medicine's authorisation has been withdrawn'; checked 2026-09-24
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2008 · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 12.5 years after its accelerated approval.
Mimpara: authorised 22 Oct 2004; marketing authorisation withdrawn 18 Dec 2025. EMA register: 'Withdrawn: This medicine's authorisation has been withdrawn'; checked 2026-09-24
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2025 · regulator row
Median overall survival 8.87 months with atezolizumab and cobimetinib against 8.51 months with regorafenib (hazard ratio 1.00).
IMblaze370: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median overall survival 21.5 against 21.2 months (stratified hazard ratio 0.99, 95.5 percent confidence interval 0.87 to 1.13, p=0.90): no benefit.
READY: phase 3, negative · trial record
Authorised May 2021; marketing authorisation withdrawn at Secura Bio's request 16 Feb 2026 (commercial reasons)
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2026 · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 3.2 years after its accelerated approval.
MAA withdrawn 2021
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2021 · regulator row
Marketing application withdrawn after EMA objections on efficacy
Closed early after 38 of a planned 148 men were randomised; AR-V7 prevalence 8 percent (95 percent confidence interval 6 to 10) among 953 prescreened men. PSA50 response 13 percent with galeterone against 42 percent with enzalutamide. Galeterone development stopped.
ARMOR3-SV: phase 3, negative · trial record
Overall survival not improved: stratified hazard ratio 1.12 (95 percent confidence interval 0.91 to 1.37, p=0.28) for atezolizumab with enzalutamide against enzalutamide alone.
IMbassador250: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median overall survival 24.7 against 27.3 months (hazard ratio 1.04, 95 percent confidence interval 0.88 to 1.22) and radiographic progression-free survival 10.4 against 9.0 months (0.98, 0.84 to 1.14); stopped for futility. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events 31.2 against 10.8 percent.
KEYNOTE-641: phase 3, negative · trial record
Radiographic progression-free survival hazard ratio 1.20 (95 percent confidence interval 0.96 to 1.49, p=0.9467), medians not reached; stopped for futility. Grade 3 or higher adverse events 61.9 against 38.1 percent and rash 25.1 against 9.3 percent.
KEYNOTE-991: phase 3, negative · trial record
OS in CPS 10 or more 12.7 vs 11.6 months (HR 0.78, p 0.057); CPS 1 or more 10.7 vs 10.2 (HR 0.86); all patients 9.9 vs 10.8 (HR 0.97). Negative.
KEYNOTE-119: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median disease-free survival 11.4 months with gemcitabine plus erlotinib and 11.4 months with gemcitabine; median overall survival 24.5 against 26.5 months.
CONKO-005: phase 3, negative · trial record
Median overall survival 15.2 months with chemoradiotherapy against 16.5 months with chemotherapy alone (hazard ratio 1.03, p 0.83); local progression 32 against 46 percent; erlotinib added nothing (13.6 against 11.9 months, hazard ratio 1.19).
LAP07: phase 3, negative · trial record
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 9.0 years after its accelerated approval.
MCL and MZL indications voluntarily withdrawn after confirmatory trials missed
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 9.5 years after its accelerated approval.
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 6.3 years after its accelerated approval.
Median overall survival 9.7 months with ibrutinib plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine against 10.8 months with placebo (p 0.3225); progression-free survival 5.3 against 6.0 months (p below 0.0001); response 29 against 42 percent.
RESOLVE: phase 3, negative · trial record
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 7.6 years after its accelerated approval.
Freedom from treatment failure at five years 77.8 per cent after curettage with imiquimod against 98.2 per cent after surgical excision; relative risk of failure 15.93 (95 per cent confidence interval 2.10 to 120.64), non-inferiority not concluded.
SCIN (curettage then imiquimod against excision for nodular basal cell carcinoma): phase 3, negative · trial record
Clinical success at three years 84 per cent with imiquimod against 98 per cent with surgery (relative risk 0.84, 98 per cent confidence interval 0.78 to 0.91, p<0.0001), and at five years 82.5 against 97.7 per cent; imiquimod was inferior, not non-inferior.
SINS (surgical excision against imiquimod cream for basal cell carcinoma): phase 3, negative · trial record
Three-year disease-free survival 71.5 with cetuximab against 74.6 percent without, in KRAS wild-type disease.
Alliance N0147: phase 3, negative · trial record
Alive at 18 months: 60 percent with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX against 73 percent with upfront surgery (p 0.032); median overall survival 25.1 against 38.5 months (hazard ratio 1.52, p 0.050).
NORPACT-1: phase 2, negative · trial record
Five-year disease-free survival 56.7 against 54.3 percent (p=0.106); no overall survival gain.
PETACC-3: phase 3, negative · trial record
Three-year disease-free survival 44 percent with second-look surgery and HIPEC against 53 percent with surveillance.
PROPHYLOCHIP-PRODIGE 15: phase 3, negative · trial record
OS HR 0.84, not significant.
LEAP-002: phase 3, negative · trial record
Primary endpoint not met (ASCO GU 2026).
LITESPARK-012: phase 3, negative · trial record
PFS HR 1.01, negative.
LUME-Meso: phase 2/3, negative · trial record
Tekinex for chronic myeloid leukaemia after imatinib failure, including T315I: marketing authorisation application withdrawn by ChemGenex 11 Jan 2011 at day 120; the CHMP's provisional view was that benefits did not outweigh risks
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
PALLAS iDFS HR 0.96; PENELOPE-B iDFS HR 0.93; both null.
PALLAS & PENELOPE-B: phase 3, negative · trial record
One year of palbociclib added to endocrine therapy did not improve invasive disease-free survival.
PENELOPE-B: phase 3, negative · trial record
PFS 33.1 vs 28.2 months, not significant.
persevERA: phase 3, negative · trial record
Primary endpoint Progression-free survival
Aldoxorubicin versus investigator's choice in relapsed or refractory soft tissue sarcoma: phase 3, negative · trial record
Adding TRC105 to pazopanib did not improve progression-free survival; stopped for futility.
TAPPAS: phase 3, negative · trial record
The study was terminated due to lack of enrollment resulting from a change in the standard of care for the first-line treatment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. There were no safety concerns that contributed to this decision.
FIGHT-302: phase 3, terminated or withdrawn · trial record
Daiichi Sankyo withdrew the Turalio MAA (Jul 2020) after the CHMP signalled a negative opinion
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2020 · regulator row
Temporary marketing suspension for arterial occlusion; returned with narrowed label December 2013
Authorised Nov 2021; marketing authorisation withdrawn at Blueprint's request 24 Oct 2024
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2024 · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 2.6 years after its accelerated approval.
Complete response letter for relapsed/refractory indication (QuANTUM-R)
Median overall survival 8.87 months with atezolizumab and cobimetinib against 8.51 months with regorafenib (hazard ratio 1.00).
IMblaze370: phase 3, negative · trial record
MAA withdrawn by Celgene before a CHMP opinion
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 10.1 years after its accelerated approval.
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 1.7 years after its accelerated approval.
Clovis Oncology bankruptcy; asset sold to pharma&
Complete response within 1 year 46.6% (ruxolitinib) vs 44.2% (best available therapy), not significant; no difference in clots, bleeding or transformation at 2 years.
MAJIC-ET: phase 2, negative · trial record
Withdrawn: the indication came off the label 5.9 years after its accelerated approval.
Primary PFS endpoint not met; mPFS 12.75 vs 7.43 months (mITT) not significant.
XPORT-EC-042 / ENGOT-EN20 / GOG-3083: phase 3, negative · trial record
OS not improved; fewer adverse events.
SARAH and SIRveNIB: phase 3, negative · trial record
FDA declines full approval based on CodeBreaK 200; postmarketing dose study required
Sevsury (Hutchmed Europe B.V.): marketing authorisation application withdrawn before a Commission decision. EMA register: 'Application withdrawn: The application for this medicine has been withdrawn'; checked 2026-09-24
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
PFS HR 1.10; no benefit from nivolumab rechallenge.
TiNivo-2: phase 3, negative · trial record
Venetoclax added to azacitidine did not significantly improve overall survival in untreated higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.
VERONA: phase 3, negative · trial record
Vorinostat MSD for advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after two systemic therapies: marketing authorisation application withdrawn by MSD 13 Feb 2009 at day 206; the CHMP found benefit not sufficiently demonstrated
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
These medicines belong to the format but their target is on no record the engine reads: the targets field is empty, the target lists no such drug, the trials linked to it name no target of its own, and the modality, mechanism and summary text name none the corpus knows. They are listed here rather than placed by guesswork; adding the target to the record puts them in the grid on the next build.
Each medicine's parts come from its own record: the targets field first, else the target records that list the medicine, else a sibling conjugate that shares its antibody name, else the trials linked to it, else the target names the corpus knows found in its modality, mechanism or summary text. The second part is read from the medicine's technology links first and from its modality and mechanism text second; a part no record names is shown as not recorded. Every part carries the fields it was read from and a confidence in the JSON file.
Approved: a medicine in the cell has an approval row or a regulator's approved entry and is not recorded as withdrawn. In development: a recruiting, active or planned trial, a development-phase record status, or active studies in the ClinicalTrials.gov index, and no approval. Tried and stopped: every medicine in the cell is withdrawn, negative or historic, or its only trial evidence is a terminated, withdrawn or negative study, or its approval was withdrawn. Untried: no medicine in this corpus combines the two parts.
A cell is coloured by its strongest medicine; the table shows each medicine with its own state. The reasons quoted under Stopped, and why are the records' words, including the registry's whyStopped text where the sponsor wrote one, and include stopped studies of medicines that are still in development elsewhere. Nothing here is medical advice.