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The review that set out the three Es of how the immune system shapes a cancer: elimination of many early tumours, an equilibrium in which growth is held in check, and escape when the tumour evolves ways to evade attack.
Schreiber, Old and Smyth summarised two decades of evidence, much of it from genetically modified mice, that the immune system both suppresses and sculpts tumours. In the elimination phase innate and adaptive immunity destroy many nascent cancers; in equilibrium, adaptive immunity holds surviving tumour cells dormant while editing their immunogenicity; in escape, variants that have lost antigens, upregulated PD-L1 or recruited suppressive cells grow out. The framework explained why clinically apparent cancers are poorly immunogenic and why checkpoint blockade can work.
Immunoediting is the conceptual backbone of modern immuno-oncology: it explains tumour heterogeneity, dormancy and late relapse, and why immunotherapy works by releasing pre-existing but suppressed immunity.
Shares Pardoll 2012: the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy, Immune system, Immune surveillance and cancer immunoediting, PD-L1.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system, PD-L1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system.
Shares Pardoll 2012: the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint, PD-L1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Immune system, Immune surveillance and cancer immunoediting, Immune checkpoint, PD-L1.
Shares Pardoll 2012: the blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy, Immune surveillance and cancer immunoediting, PD-L1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system.
Shares Immune surveillance and cancer immunoediting, PD-L1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.