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An analysis of more than 10,000 tumours from 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas that sorted cancers into six immune subtypes, showing that the immune environment of a tumour cuts across its tissue of origin and affects prognosis.
As part of the TCGA PanCancer Atlas, Thorsson and colleagues integrated gene expression, immune cell estimates, neoantigen predictions, T and B cell receptor repertoires and other data for over 10,000 tumours across 33 cancer types. They defined six immune subtypes, named wound healing, interferon-gamma dominant, inflammatory, lymphocyte depleted, immunologically quiet and TGF-beta dominant, each found in many cancer types and associated with different outcomes. They also linked immune features to tumour genetics, such as copy number changes and specific driver mutations.
This atlas is the reference for how immune the different cancers are and is widely used to choose which tumours to test immunotherapies in and to interpret immune gene signatures. It shows why immunotherapy responses depend on the tumour's immune context as much as on its tissue.
This framework is behind the everyday language of hot and cold tumours and the design of combination trials that pair checkpoint inhibitors with treatments meant to draw T cells into the tumour.
TIMER made immune infiltration analysis accessible to any group with tumour expression data, which is why it is cited so heavily; it is a standard first step in linking a gene or mutation to the immune state of a cancer.
Shares Li 2017: TIMER, a web server for estimating immune cells in tumour genomic data, Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Binnewies 2018: understanding the tumour immune microenvironment for effective therapy, Immune system, Neoantigen, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Schreiber, Old and Smyth 2011: cancer immunoediting, Neoantigen, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Binnewies 2018: understanding the tumour immune microenvironment for effective therapy, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Neoantigen, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Neoantigen, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Neoantigen, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Galon 2006: the type, density and location of immune cells in colorectal tumours predict outcome, Neoantigen, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.