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A free online tool that estimates how many of six kinds of immune cell are present in a tumour from its gene expression data, applied to more than ten thousand tumours in The Cancer Genome Atlas and used in thousands of studies since.
Li, Liu and colleagues built TIMER (Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource), a computational method and web server that infers the abundance of B cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells from bulk tumour RNA sequencing. They applied it to 10,897 tumours across 32 cancer types from TCGA and let users explore how immune infiltration relates to gene expression, mutations, copy number and survival. TIMER2.0 followed in 2020 with additional deconvolution methods.
TIMER made immune infiltration analysis accessible to any group with tumour expression data, which is why it is cited so heavily; it is a standard first step in linking a gene or mutation to the immune state of a cancer.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system.
Shares Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).