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Counting the T cells inside a bowel cancer and at its edge predicted whether the cancer would return better than the traditional stage did, the discovery behind the Immunoscore test.
Galon and colleagues analysed immune cells in tumours from 415 patients with colorectal cancer using gene expression and tissue microarrays. A strong presence of adaptive immune cells, in particular CD3, CD8, CD45RO memory and granzyme B-positive cytotoxic T cells, in both the tumour centre and the invasive margin was associated with a much lower rate of early metastasis and longer survival, independently of and more strongly than the TNM stage. The finding led to the standardised Immunoscore, validated internationally in 2018.
This paper showed that the immune response to a cancer is part of its prognosis, not background noise, and it introduced the idea of the immune contexture that underlies both the Immunoscore and the biomarker work in immunotherapy.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Tumour microenvironment (TME), The cancer-immunity cycle, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Histopathology & immunohistochemistry.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Tumour microenvironment (TME), The cancer-immunity cycle, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Histopathology & immunohistochemistry.
Shares Thorsson 2018: the immune landscape of cancer across 10,000 tumours, Immune system.
Shares Immune system, Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
Shares Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Shares Select microsatellite stable patients for immunotherapy by a measured immune biomarker, not by how many treatments they have already failed, The cancer-immunity cycle, Colorectal cancer roadmap: from the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the first screening trials to total mesorectal excision, oxaliplatin, RAS testing, immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient disease, ctDNA-guided treatment and organ preservation, Colorectal cancer.