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Leuprolide is the injectable that shuts off testosterone production, the foundation of hormone therapy for prostate cancer since the 1980s; it is also used for ovarian suppression in premenopausal breast cancer.
Approved 1985 as an alternative to orchiectomy or oestrogens; depot formulations (1-6 months) followed. Backbone of ADT combinations with abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide and docetaxel. Testosterone flare (antiandrogen cover), cardiovascular and bone effects; oral relugolix (2020) and degarelix are antagonist alternatives without flare.
Ball-and-stick model from PubChem 2D record (no 3D conformer available). PubChem record
Continuous GnRH receptor stimulation desensitises the pituitary, suppressing LH/FSH and hence testosterone (or oestrogen) to castrate levels after an initial flare. Connects to Androgen receptor.
1.Leuprolide (leuprorelin) and GnRH agonists binds Androgen receptor.
Given by infusion or injection in a clinic or hospital outpatient department, so it is a Part B drug: Medicare pays 80% after the Part B deductible and the patient owes 20% coinsurance, uncapped in Original Medicare unless a Medigap policy applies. Depot injections given in the clinic (HCPCS J9217 for leuprolide 7.5 mg) are Part B. Self-administered forms are rare in oncology.
Covered under the medical benefit; plans may prefer one depot brand (Lupron Depot, Eligard, Camcevi) over another.
20% Part B coinsurance on a high-cost infusion adds up quickly: Medigap Plan G or N, Medicare Advantage maximum out-of-pocket, Medicaid dual eligibility, or a charity fund are the usual buffers.
Sources: Medicare.gov: Chemotherapy · Medicare.gov: Prescription drugs (outpatient, Part B). Not medical or financial advice; verify with your plan.
Sources: NICE search: leuprorelin and GnRH agonists. Funding decisions are indication-specific and change monthly; verify with NICE and your treating team.
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| Region | Year | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| US | 1985 | Palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer |
| US | 1989 | Depot formulation (Lupron Depot) |
Read for the class this product belongs to (androgen deprivation) unless the answer names the product. Population figures from the cohorts named, not a prediction for one person. Blank where no source gives a recovery figure.
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Query for this drug: (TITLE:"Leuprolide leuprorelin and GnRH agonists" OR ABSTRACT:"Leuprolide leuprorelin and GnRH agonists" OR TITLE:"Lupron" OR ABSTRACT:"Lupron" OR TITLE:"Eligard" OR ABSTRACT:"Eligard" OR TITLE:"Camcevi" OR ABSTRACT:"Camcevi" OR TITLE:"Leuprorelin" OR ABSTRACT:"Leuprorelin" OR TITLE:"Leuprolide acetate" OR ABSTRACT:"Leuprolide acetate") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Leuprolide (leuprorelin) and GnRH agonists, not a curated reading list.
Shares Assessing Efficacy of Neoadjuvant ADT in Localized High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Utilizing 18F-Flotufolastat PSMA PET/CT, Hormone Therapy in Treating Patients With Rising PSA Levels Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer, Hormone Therapy With or Without Surgery or Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer, Standard Systemic Therapy With or Without Definitive Treatment in Treating Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer and the tag generic.
Shares Flutamide, Suramin, and Hydrocortisone in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer, Hormone Therapy in Treating Patients With Rising PSA Levels Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer, Hormone Therapy With or Without Surgery or Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer, Standard Systemic Therapy With or Without Definitive Treatment in Treating Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer and the tag generic.
Shares Hormone Therapy in Treating Patients With Rising PSA Levels Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer, Hormone Therapy With or Without Surgery or Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer, Standard Systemic Therapy With or Without Definitive Treatment in Treating Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Androgen deprivation & AR pathway inhibitors and the tag generic.
Shares Prostate cancer and the tag generic.
Shares HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and the tag generic.
Shares HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and the tag generic.
Shares HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer and the tag generic.
Shares Flutamide, Suramin, and Hydrocortisone in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer, Hormone Therapy in Treating Patients With Rising PSA Levels Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer, GnRH receptor (GNRHR), Treating Prostate Cancer That Has Come Back After Surgery With Apalutamide and Targeted Radiation Based on PET Imaging.