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Mitoxantrone is a blue chemotherapy infusion used with cytarabine for acute myeloid leukaemia and, historically, to relieve pain in advanced prostate cancer; it is also licensed for multiple sclerosis.
Mitoxantrone was approved in 1987 for acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia in adults in combination with other agents and later for pain relief in advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer with corticosteroids, where it improved palliative endpoints without extending survival and was then displaced by docetaxel (TAX 327). It remains in AML salvage regimens such as MEC and FLAG-Ida alternatives and in some lymphoma protocols, and carries a separate indication for progressive multiple sclerosis. Cardiotoxicity (lifetime dose limits and ejection fraction monitoring), secondary acute leukaemia and blue-green discolouration of urine and sclerae are characteristic.
Synthetic anthracenedione that intercalates DNA, causes cross-links and strand breaks and inhibits topoisomerase II; less cardiotoxic per dose than anthracyclines but cumulative limits still apply.
1.Mitoxantrone slips into a pocket on its target.
Background: ADC sequencing, Antigen escape (antigen loss, lineage switch), BCG-unresponsive, Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Also on OnCo: Resistance: how tumours escape each drug class · Lines of therapy.
| Region | Year | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| US | 1987 | Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia in adults (combination); later hormone-refractory prostate cancer pain (with corticosteroids) and multiple sclerosis |
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Mitoxantrone-based reinduction became the reference treatment for relapsed childhood ALL and the control arm of later international relapse trials.
Proof that a cancer resistant to one taxane is not resistant to all of them, and the beginning of treatment sequencing in castration-resistant disease. The CARD trial later showed that after an androgen receptor drug has failed, cabazitaxel beats switching to the other androgen receptor drug.
The confirmatory half of the 2004 result. Two independent trials, two different docetaxel regimens, the same direction of effect: this is why docetaxel was adopted quickly and why it survived the move into hormone-sensitive disease a decade later.
The end of therapeutic nihilism in castration-resistant prostate cancer. It is also the trial that set the field's expectation of what a positive result looks like in this disease: a hazard ratio near 0.75 and a median gain measured in months, not years.
Query for this drug: (TITLE:"Mitoxantrone" OR ABSTRACT:"Mitoxantrone" OR TITLE:"Novantrone" OR ABSTRACT:"Novantrone" OR TITLE:"historic" OR ABSTRACT:"historic") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Mitoxantrone, not a curated reading list.
Shares ALL R3: mitoxantrone versus idarubicin in first relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Combination Chemotherapy With or Without G-CSF in Treating Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, A Global Study of Midostaurin in Combination With Chemotherapy to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Patients With FLT3 Mutated AML, ALL R3 (UKALLR3) and the tag generic.
Shares Role of the Therapy Tailored to Risk Factors in Treating Adult Patients (≤60) With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplasia, A Global Study of Midostaurin in Combination With Chemotherapy to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Patients With FLT3 Mutated AML and the tag generic.
Shares A Study of ASP2215 Versus Salvage Chemotherapy In Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Mutation, Combination Chemotherapy With or Without G-CSF in Treating Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplasia and the tag generic.
Shares Response-Based Chemotherapy in Treating Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Younger Patients With Down Syndrome, Combination Chemotherapy, Biological Therapy, and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute myeloid leukaemia, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tag generic.
Shares Role of the Therapy Tailored to Risk Factors in Treating Adult Patients (≤60) With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplasia, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tag generic.
Shares A Study of ASP2215 Versus Salvage Chemotherapy In Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) With FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) Mutation, A Global Study of Midostaurin in Combination With Chemotherapy to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Patients With FLT3 Mutated AML, Acute myeloid leukaemia in children, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tag generic.
Shares Combination Chemotherapy With or Without G-CSF in Treating Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tag generic.
Shares Therapy for Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tag generic.