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Head and neck cancer is really several cancers named by exact location: mouth (oral cavity), back of the throat (oropharynx, where HPV cancers arise), voice box (larynx), lower throat (hypopharynx) and behind the nose (nasopharynx). Each behaves and is treated differently.
Oral cavity cancers are treated surgically first. Oropharyngeal cancers, now mostly HPV-driven, respond so well to chemoradiation that de-escalation trials are under way; laryngeal cancer is often treated with radiotherapy to preserve the voice, with laryngectomy for salvage; nasopharyngeal carcinoma, EBV-driven and concentrated in southern China, gets IMRT plus platinum and is monitored by plasma EBV DNA. Subsite determines staging (AJCC 8 gives HPV-positive oropharynx its own system), surgical access and functional consequences for speech and swallowing.
Site decides cause and behaviour: HPV drives oropharyngeal cancer, EBV drives nasopharyngeal cancer, tobacco drives oral and laryngeal cancer; all drain into the neck node levels that surgeons and radiotherapists map.
Same organ: Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands, Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2A and MEN2B), Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (CDC73-related parathyroid carcinoma), Oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil and base of tongue), Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, Oral cavity cancer (mouth and tongue), Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Salivary gland cancers, Papillary thyroid cancer, Follicular thyroid cancer, Medullary thyroid cancer, Anaplastic thyroid cancer, Thyroid cancer, Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma), NUT carcinoma (midline carcinoma with NUTM1 rearrangement), Parathyroid carcinoma, Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4), HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer, HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (including HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer), Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Hypopharyngeal cancer, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Salivary duct carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Oral tongue and floor of mouth cancer, Buccal mucosa and gingivobuccal cancer (oral cancer in India), Lip cancer, Locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III to IVA), Recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma), Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal carcinoma
Showing the organ this term concerns: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares Plasma EBV DNA, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma), Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal carcinoma, Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma).
Shares Locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III to IVA), Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma), Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal carcinoma.
Shares Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT), Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares Plasma EBV DNA, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares Chemoradiation (chemoradiotherapy, CRT), Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares HPV status (HPV-positive / HPV-negative), Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.