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Processed meat (bacon, ham, sausages) is classed by IARC as a definite cause of bowel cancer and red meat as a probable one, with about 18% higher risk per 50 g of processed meat a day. One person's extra lifetime risk is a few percentage points, but 5 to 10% of bowel cancers in high-income countries are attributed to it.
IARC classified processed meat as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and red meat as probably carcinogenic (Group 2A) in 2015, based on colorectal cancer: about 18% higher risk per 50 g/day of processed meat and 17% per 100 g/day of red meat in meta-analyses of cohorts. Absolute risk increase for an individual is a few percentage points of lifetime colorectal risk; the population-attributable fraction in high-income countries is around 5-10% of colorectal cancers. Mechanisms include N-nitroso compounds from nitrite curing, haem iron promoting endogenous nitrosation and lipid peroxidation, and heterocyclic amines from high-temperature cooking. WCRF recommends limiting red meat to about three portions (350-500 g cooked) per week and eating little if any processed meat. The 2019 NutriRECS guidelines that advised continuing current consumption drew widespread criticism for applying drug-trial evidence standards to dietary epidemiology, illustrating the recurring dispute about how much certainty diet advice needs.
Nitrosamines, haem iron and heterocyclic amines cause DNA alkylation and oxidative damage in colonic epithelium; the exposure is chronic and cumulative.
Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Red and processed meat reduction" OR ABSTRACT:"Red and processed meat reduction") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Red and processed meat reduction, not a curated reading list.
Shares Controlled feeding trials to separate ultra-processing from calories, Ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened drinks, Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns, Colorectal cancer.
Shares Ultra-processed food (NOVA group 4), Ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened drinks, Diet, exercise and lifestyle roadmap: causes established → interventions that disappointed → exercise proven as treatment, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO).
Shares Dietary pattern scores (Mediterranean, HEI, AHEI, DASH, WCRF/AICR), Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Misinformation and unproven therapies.
Shares Dietary pattern scores (Mediterranean, HEI, AHEI, DASH, WCRF/AICR), Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns, Misinformation and unproven therapies, Prostate cancer.
Shares Dietary pattern scores (Mediterranean, HEI, AHEI, DASH, WCRF/AICR), Mediterranean and plant-forward dietary patterns, Diet, exercise and lifestyle roadmap: causes established → interventions that disappointed → exercise proven as treatment.
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Misinformation and unproven therapies, Prevention we already have is not deployed, Colorectal cancer.
Shares Diet, exercise and lifestyle roadmap: causes established → interventions that disappointed → exercise proven as treatment, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Misinformation and unproven therapies, Prevention we already have is not deployed.
Shares Diet, exercise and lifestyle roadmap: causes established → interventions that disappointed → exercise proven as treatment, Misinformation and unproven therapies, Prevention we already have is not deployed.