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A review of how the normal cells around a tumour, including fibroblasts, immune cells and blood vessels, are recruited to help it grow and spread, and how distant organs are prepared to receive metastases before the cancer cells arrive.
Quail and Joyce surveyed the tumour microenvironment at each step of progression and metastasis: how cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumour-associated macrophages, other myeloid and lymphoid cells and the vasculature support primary tumour growth, invasion and intravasation; how bone marrow-derived cells and tumour-secreted factors establish a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs; and how the microenvironment at secondary sites governs dormancy and outgrowth. They discussed therapies aimed at these host cells, including macrophage-targeting and anti-angiogenic drugs, as complements to treatments aimed at the cancer cell.
This review is the standard map of the tumour microenvironment and the reason microenvironment-directed drugs, from anti-angiogenics to macrophage and fibroblast targeting agents, are developed alongside tumour-cell-directed ones.
Shares Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), Coussens and Werb 2002: inflammation and cancer, Microenvironment and inflammation: tumours as wounds that do not heal.
Shares The pre-metastatic niche, Metastasis, The metastatic cascade.
Shares Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), Microenvironment and inflammation: tumours as wounds that do not heal, Tumour microenvironment (TME).
Shares Metastasis, The metastatic cascade.
Shares The pre-metastatic niche, Metastasis, The metastatic cascade, Microenvironment and inflammation: tumours as wounds that do not heal.
Shares Metastasis, The metastatic cascade.
Shares The pre-metastatic niche, Tumour microenvironment (TME).
Shares Metastasis, The metastatic cascade.