Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year.
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For someone offered the test, these are the numbers that describe what a result means in an NHS population: about 1 in 100 tests came back positive each year, between 46 and 58 in 100 positives were cancer, and a negative result left about 1 in 100 with an undetected cancer within the year. The test found between a quarter and a third of all cancers diagnosed in a screening round, and about half to two thirds of the 12 cancer types it was designed to find. Whether finding them this way reduces late-stage diagnoses is the primary question, and this paper says only that the answer was no; the primary-endpoint paper had not appeared on Europe PMC by 23 September 2026.
S1826 moved checkpoint blockade into first-line Hodgkin lymphoma and made N-AVD a preferred regimen for advanced disease in patients from adolescence to older age, while removing radiotherapy for most. It also showed the value of a single trial spanning paediatric and adult groups. Longer follow-up is needed for overall survival and late immune effects in young patients.
Brentuximab vedotin with AVEPC is the new standard for high-risk paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma and led to the first paediatric approval of the drug in November 2022.
Confirmation, by a different route from HD18, that the interim scan can safely direct de-escalation in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, and that most of the toxicity of escalated BEACOPP can be avoided in the 84 per cent of patients who respond early.
Radiotherapy cannot be omitted in early-stage favourable Hodgkin lymphoma on the basis of a negative interim scan without a clinically relevant loss of tumour control. The scan is better at identifying who needs more than at identifying who needs less.
ECHELON-1 made a targeted antibody-drug conjugate part of first-line Hodgkin therapy and eventually showed that this saves lives, not just relapses. It set the reference arm against which nivolumab-AVD (SWOG S1826) and BrECADD (HD21) were later compared. Neuropathy is the main price and needs proactive dose modification.
The interim scan should be used to intensify treatment in early Hodgkin lymphoma, not to withhold radiotherapy. The 99.0 per cent five-year progression-free survival in the scan-negative favourable group with combined-modality treatment is the number any radiotherapy-sparing strategy has to match.
The basis for four cycles of escalated BEACOPP as the German standard when the interim scan is negative, and the reason rituximab was abandoned as an addition to that regimen. The authors recommend the scan-guided strategy for all patients with advanced-stage disease.
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Travis: 4 Gy or more to the breast carried a 3.2-fold risk and over 40 Gy an eightfold risk, with no plateau; ovarian damage from alkylating agents or radiation lowered the risk, showing that hormonal stimulation is needed for radiation-induced breast cancer.
HD10 randomised 1,370 patients in a two by two design: five-year freedom from treatment failure 93.0 against 91.1 per cent for four against two cycles of ABVD (p = 0.39) and no difference between 30 Gy and 20 Gy (p = 1.00).
Schaapveld: 48.5 per cent of 3,905 survivors developed a second cancer within 40 years, with risk still 3.9 times the population rate after 35 years and no fall between the 1965 to 1976 and 1989 to 2000 treatment periods. Van Nimwegen: 50 per cent developed cardiovascular disease within 40 years.
EORTC H10 raised five-year progression-free survival in scan-positive early-stage patients from 77.4 to 90.6 per cent by switching to escalated BEACOPP, but could not demonstrate non-inferiority of dropping radiotherapy after a negative scan in either risk group. HD18 shortened escalated BEACOPP to four cycles after a negative scan with five-year progression-free survival of 92.2 against 90.8 per cent and half the severe infections.
HD16: five-year progression-free survival 86.1 per cent without radiotherapy against 93.4 per cent with it after a negative scan. AHL2011: switching scan-negative patients from escalated BEACOPP to ABVD gave 85.7 against 86.2 per cent with grade 3 to 4 anaemia falling from 69 to 28 per cent.
RADAR (NCT04685616, 1,042 estimated participants) replaces bleomycin with brentuximab vedotin and omits radiotherapy entirely after a Deauville score of 1 to 3; the registry lists primary completion for September 2030.