# Hodgkin lymphoma

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/  
OnCo record `hodgkin-lymphoma` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable cancers, where the goal is now to cure with less toxicity, using brentuximab and, from 2026, first-line nivolumab.

## Summary

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is a B-cell cancer in which rare, giant Reed-Sternberg cells (about 1% of the mass) recruit an inflammatory microenvironment and hide behind amplified PD-L1. It peaks in young adults and again after 55, is staged with PET-CT and the Lugano system, and is cured in more than 85% of patients overall and in over 90% of early-stage disease. Because most patients are young and will live for decades, the field's defining problem is not cure but the cost of cure: anthracycline heart disease, bleomycin lung injury, infertility, and second cancers from alkylators and radiation.

That is why Hodgkin lymphoma pioneered response-adapted therapy. Interim PET after two cycles (Deauville score) steers de-escalation (drop bleomycin after negative PET2 in RATHL; omit radiotherapy in early stage in HD16/HD17/RAPID at a small PFS cost) or escalation to BEACOPP-type regimens. Two ADC- and immunotherapy-based regimens then replaced ABVD for advanced disease: brentuximab vedotin-AVD (ECHELON-1, overall survival benefit) and, from March 2026, nivolumab-AVD (SWOG S1826, PFS HR 0.45 versus BV-AVD, neuropathy halved, children and adults together). In Europe, GHSG HD21's PET-guided BrECADD matches escalated BEACOPP's ~94% PFS with far less toxicity. Relapse is treated with PD-1 blockade (pembrolizumab beat brentuximab in KEYNOTE-204), brentuximab, salvage chemotherapy and autologous transplant, with brentuximab consolidation for high-risk patients (AETHERA); allogeneic transplant and CD30 CAR-T are options for the few who fail everything.

The next questions are how far chemotherapy can be removed. AHOD2131 tests brentuximab-nivolumab in early-stage disease across children and adults; ctDNA may replace PET for steering; older patients, who have half the cure rate of young ones, need regimens they can tolerate (nivolumab-AVD, brentuximab-based). Survivorship care for the tens of thousands cured decades ago, and the shift from radiotherapy to systemic de-escalation, remain the field's distinctive concerns.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-07
- Tags: heme; spike
- Group: haematologic
- Burden: ~83,000 new cases a year worldwide, ~8,500 in the US, with age peaks at 20-30 and over 55. More than 85% are cured, so the research agenda is curing with less toxicity. Five-year survival is ~89% overall in high-income countries; ~23,000 deaths a year worldwide.
- Subtypes: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma: nodular sclerosis (most common in young adults), mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, lymphocyte-depleted; Nodular lymphocyte-predominant B-cell lymphoma (reclassified 2022; indolent, CD20+, rituximab-responsive); Early stage (I-II) favourable vs unfavourable (bulk, ESR, ≥3 sites); Advanced stage (III-IV); IPS 0-7 risk score; Paediatric / adolescent-young-adult vs older (>60) disease; EBV-positive (more common in children, older adults, and low-income settings)
- Biomarkers: Interim PET (Deauville); CD30; PD-L1 (9p24.1 amplification); Interim PET (Deauville score) after cycle 2; CD30 and CD15 on Reed-Sternberg cells; CD20 in NLPBL; 9p24.1 (PD-L1/PD-L2) amplification; EBV status (EBER); International Prognostic Score (IPS); Baseline metabolic tumour volume; ctDNA (research; PhasED-seq); Soluble CD30 (research)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/#overview [4 subtypes, 11 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/#what-it-is [10 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/#finding-it [11 biomarkers, 3 prevalence rows]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/#treating-it [11 settings, 11 regimens, 11 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/evidence/ [61 trials, 12 key papers, 25 milestones]
- Biology and targets (own page): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/science/ [36 targets, 6 pathways]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/where-you-are/ [15 centres, 93 centres in the subtypes, 25 UK centres]
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/#living-with-it [28 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/coming/ [33 medicines, 10 medicines in the subtypes, 61 trials, 18 ideas, 15 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/data/ [373 connected records, 3 notes]

## Standard of care

- Advanced stage: Nivolumab-AVD (2026) or BV-AVD; PET-adapted. ([Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [FDG PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/fdg-pet/))
- Early stage, favourable (I-II): ABVD × 2 + involved-site radiotherapy 20 Gy (HD10), or PET-adapted omission of radiotherapy after 3 cycles if PET-negative (RAPID, HD16) accepting ~5% lower PFS; AHOD2131 tests BV-nivo. ([Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/pet-adapted-therapy/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [Deauville five-point scale](https://onco.cc/terms/deauville-score/), [AHOD2131 (COG / NCTN)](https://onco.cc/trials/ahod2131/))
- Early stage, unfavourable (I-II bulky or risk factors): ABVD × 4 + ISRT 30 Gy, or escalated BEACOPP × 2 + ABVD × 2 + RT (HD14/HD17 PET-guided); nivolumab- or BV-containing regimens in trials. ([Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/pet-adapted-therapy/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/))
- Advanced stage (III-IV), age ≤60: Nivolumab-AVD × 6 (S1826; approved March 2026, no routine radiotherapy) or BV-AVD × 6 with G-CSF (ECHELON-1); in Europe PET-guided BrECADD × 4-6 (HD21) or eBEACOPP; PET-adapted ABVD/AVD (RATHL) where novel agents unavailable. ([SWOG S1826](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1826/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [ECHELON-1](https://onco.cc/trials/echelon-1/), [Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [GHSG HD21](https://onco.cc/trials/hd21/), [RATHL](https://onco.cc/trials/rathl/), [PD-1 blockade + AVD chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/pairings/pd1-plus-avd-hodgkin/))
- Advanced stage, age >60: Nivolumab-AVD (S1826 included older adults with less toxicity than BV-AVD); sequential brentuximab → AVD → brentuximab; avoid bleomycin; ABVD/AVD with dose adaptation. ([SWOG S1826](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1826/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [Caution: bleomycin lung toxicity, especially with brentuximab or G-CSF](https://onco.cc/pairings/bleomycin-omission-caution/))
- First relapse, transplant-eligible: Salvage (ICE, DHAP, GVD, BV-nivolumab or pembrolizumab-GVD) → PET-negative → high-dose therapy and autologous transplant; brentuximab consolidation for high-risk (AETHERA); PD-1 maintenance in trials. ([Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [AETHERA](https://onco.cc/trials/aethera/))
- Relapse after transplant or transplant-ineligible: Pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-204) or nivolumab; brentuximab vedotin if not yet given; BV + nivolumab; allogeneic transplant for fit patients after response; CD30 CAR-T in trials; palliative radiotherapy or bendamustine. ([Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [KEYNOTE-204](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-204/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [CheckMate 205](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-205/), [Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [CD30 CAR-T for multiply relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cd30-car-t-hodgkin/))
- Paediatric (COG / EuroNet): Risk-adapted OEPA/COPDAC (EuroNet-PHL-C2) or ABVE-PC with brentuximab (AHOD1331, EFS benefit) and PET-guided radiotherapy omission; S1826 and AHOD2131 now enrol from age 12 or 5. ([Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/pet-adapted-therapy/), [Children's Oncology Group (COG)](https://onco.cc/companies/childrens-oncology-group/), [AHOD1331](https://onco.cc/trials/ahod1331/), [EuroNet-PHL-C2](https://onco.cc/trials/euronet-phl-c2/))
- Survivorship: Lifelong surveillance for cardiac disease (anthracycline, mediastinal RT), breast cancer screening from 8 years after chest RT in women, thyroid and lung checks, fertility counselling before therapy. ([Cardio-oncology](https://onco.cc/technologies/cardio-oncology/), [Mammography & tomosynthesis](https://onco.cc/technologies/mammography/))
- Choosing treatment in Hodgkin lymphoma: stage, risk factors and the interim PET: Three inputs. Stage by PET-CT reported with the Lugano classification. Risk factors, which differ by group: the German Hodgkin Study Group counts a large mediastinal mass, extranodal disease, a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate and three or more nodal areas; EORTC counts a large mediastinal mass, age 50 or over, a raised sedimentation rate and four or more nodal areas. And the interim PET after two cycles, scored 1 to 5 on the Deauville scale, which is used to intensify treatment in patients who have not responded and to reduce it in those who have.

That last step, PET adaptation, is the structural idea behind modern Hodgkin treatment. RATHL showed that bleomycin can be dropped from cycles 3 to 6 in patients whose PET after two cycles is negative, with three-year progression-free survival of 85.7 per cent for continued ABVD against 84.4 per cent for AVD, which removed lung toxicity from most patients' treatment. EORTC H10 showed the reverse direction: in patients whose early PET was positive, switching from ABVD to escalated BEACOPP with involved-node radiotherapy raised five-year progression-free survival from 77.4 to 90.6 per cent (hazard ratio 0.42).

Before the first cycle: lung function tests if bleomycin is planned, echocardiography, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV testing, and a fertility conversation, which in a disease of young people is not optional. ([RATHL](https://onco.cc/trials/rathl/), [Deauville score and PET-adapted therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/deauville/), [Deauville five-point scale](https://onco.cc/terms/deauville-score/), [FDG PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/fdg-pet/), [PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/pet-adapted-therapy/), [Lugano classification / Ann Arbor staging](https://onco.cc/terms/lugano-classification/), [ABVD, BEACOPP and BrECADD (Hodgkin lymphoma regimens)](https://onco.cc/terms/abvd-beacopp/), [Fertility before lymphoma treatment: what to ask for, and when](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-fertility-preservation/), [Hepatitis B reactivation before rituximab and other anti-CD20 antibodies](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-hepatitis-b-reactivation/))
- Survivorship after Hodgkin lymphoma: what the cure costs, and what is watched for: Most people treated for Hodgkin lymphoma are cured and then live for decades with the consequences. Anthracyclines cause cardiomyopathy. Mediastinal radiotherapy causes coronary and valve disease, and, twenty to thirty years later, breast and lung cancer inside the irradiated field; the lung cancer risk multiplies with smoking rather than adding to it. Neck radiotherapy causes hypothyroidism in a large minority. Procarbazine and other alkylators cause infertility and a small excess of myelodysplasia and leukaemia. Bleomycin causes lung fibrosis.

The long-term German Hodgkin Study Group series of 471 patients with the nodular lymphocyte-predominant subtype makes the arithmetic plain: ten-year overall survival was 92.1 per cent, second cancers occurred in 10.2 per cent, and of 43 deaths only 10 were from the lymphoma, against 20 from second cancers and 13 from conditions possibly related to treatment.

Follow-up therefore includes cardiovascular risk assessment, thyroid function after neck or upper mediastinal radiotherapy, echocardiography at intervals, active smoking cessation support, and, in England, automatic referral into the NHS breast screening programme's very high risk pathway for women who had radiotherapy to breast tissue for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma between the ages of 10 and under 36. All of it is the reason treatment keeps being de-escalated. ([Late effects of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment, and the follow-up that answers them](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-hodgkin-late-effects/), [Late effects and survivorship toxicity](https://onco.cc/terms/late-effects/), [Secondary malignancy (therapy-related cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/secondary-malignancy/), [Cardiotoxicity (LVEF decline, cardiomyopathy)](https://onco.cc/terms/cardiotoxicity/), [Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance](https://onco.cc/technologies/survivorship-care-plan/), [Strain echocardiography (global longitudinal strain)](https://onco.cc/technologies/strain-echocardiography-gls/), [Long-term follow-up of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma treated in the GHSG HD7 to HD15 trials](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-eichenauer-nlphl-ghsg-hd7-hd15-long-term-jco-2020/))

## State of the art

- Immunotherapy in first line with less toxicity.
- Nivolumab-AVD is the new frontline standard for advanced disease (S1826: 2-year PFS 92%, neuropathy halved), approved March 2026 for ages 12 and up.
- Two intensive but de-toxified European options: PET-guided BrECADD (HD21) achieves ~94% 5-year PFS with 40% less morbidity than eBEACOPP.
- Interim PET steers therapy for nearly every patient: bleomycin omission (RATHL), radiotherapy omission (HD16/17, RAPID), cycle number (HD18, HD21).
- Radiotherapy is disappearing from advanced-stage care (<1% in S1826) and being minimised in early stage.
- PD-1 blockade is the most effective single agent in any lymphoma relapse (ORR ~70%), and beat brentuximab head to head (KEYNOTE-204).
- Cure rates above 90% in young patients shift the research agenda to late effects and to older adults.
- The cancer cell is the minority. A classical Hodgkin lymph node is mostly T cells, eosinophils, plasma cells, macrophages and fibrosis; the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are a small fraction of it, and their clonal B-cell identity had to be proved by picking single cells off a slide with a micromanipulator. This is why an excisional biopsy is usually needed and why bulk sequencing of a Hodgkin node measures the infiltrate rather than the tumour.
- Checkpoint blockade works here for a genetic reason. The 9p24.1 amplicon carries CD274, PDCD1LG2 and JAK2, so one copy-number event raises both PD-1 ligands by gene dose and by transcription; 97% of 108 cases carried concordant alterations of the two ligand loci, with amplification in 36% and copy gain in 56%. PD-1 blockade gave an objective response in 20 of 23 heavily pre-treated patients. Nothing is tested first, because almost every case has the alteration.
- What predicts a complete remission on a checkpoint inhibitor is MHC class II, not class I, on the Reed-Sternberg cells, which points at a CD4 T cell as the effector and makes CIITA rearrangement, present in 15% of cases, an escape route as well as a cause.
- The infiltrate carries prognosis of its own: more CD68-positive macrophages meant shorter progression-free survival, more relapse after autologous transplant and shorter disease-specific survival in an independent cohort of 166 patients, outperforming the International Prognostic Score. It is not used to choose treatment; the interim PET scan is.

## Open problems

- Late toxicity in survivors.
- Older patients.
- Late effects dominate: cardiac disease, breast and lung cancer after mediastinal radiotherapy, infertility; survivors need lifelong surveillance that most health systems do not organise.
- Older patients (>60) have roughly half the cure rate and double the toxicity; the best regimen for them is unsettled.
- The ~10-15% with primary refractory or early-relapsing disease still need transplant; those failing PD-1 blockade have few options beyond allogeneic transplant.
- Interim PET has limited positive predictive value; ctDNA-guided designs are unproven.
- Access: brentuximab and nivolumab are costly and unavailable in many countries where EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma is common in children.
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant disease is now a separate entity with little trial evidence of its own.
- Radiotherapy omission trades a few percent of PFS for lower late toxicity; the right trade-off differs by age and sex.
- Three countries now have three different standards for the same advanced-stage disease: nivolumab with AVD in the United States after SWOG S1826, PET-guided BrECADD in Germany after HD21, and PET-adapted ABVD or brentuximab-AVD in much of the United Kingdom. They have never been compared with each other, and none has overall survival data at the timescale on which this disease is measured.
- The consequences of PD-1 blockade given to a 20-year-old who will live another sixty years are unknown, and the trials that made it a first-line standard have a few years of follow-up in a disease whose main late harms appear after twenty.
- Omitting radiotherapy in PET-negative early-stage disease costs several percentage points of disease control in both HD16 and RAPID and costs nothing in survival, and there is no way to tell an individual patient whether they are one of the people it would have saved a relapse.
- Older patients tolerate every intensive Hodgkin regimen poorly and are excluded from most trials, so the commonest treatment failure in this disease happens in the group with the least evidence.
- Every attempt to omit radiotherapy from early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma on the strength of a negative interim scan has cost tumour control: 7.3 percentage points in HD16 and a failure to demonstrate non-inferiority in either risk group of EORTC H10.
- The late-effect figures that justify de-escalation come from patients treated up to 2000 with mantle fields. Nobody knows the forty-year risks of involved-site radiotherapy, brentuximab vedotin, checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T, and the field is making decisions on a harm estimate drawn from a treatment that is no longer given.

## Notes

- Living with and after Hodgkin lymphoma, the decisions and the people who make them: This is orientation from public patient pages, guidelines and the trials themselves, not advice for your case: your own team's instructions and the 24-hour number they gave you come first, and no figure here is a prediction about you. The decision records, the question sets, the first 60 days checklist and the red cards on this page were written from the NHS, Lymphoma Action, Macmillan and Cancer Research UK patient pages, from NICE NG52, NG47, CG151 and NG234, from the NHS Breast Screening Programme protocols and the Green Book, and from the trial reports named beside each figure, all read on 1 October 2026.
- On the forty-year figures. The second-cancer and cardiovascular cumulative incidences quoted on this page come from two Dutch cohorts treated between 1965 and 2000 with the radiotherapy fields and doses of that era, which are far larger than anything given now. They describe what happened to those cohorts. What modern fields and PET-guided de-escalation are worth over forty years is not yet known, because the cohort that would measure it has not been followed for forty years. The reason to carry the figures anyway is that the screening programmes attached to them are the thing a survivor can act on, and the commonest failure is not being enrolled in one.
- Taxonomy. The two classifications of 2022 disagree about the name of the non-classical form. The International Consensus Classification renamed nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma to nodular lymphocyte predominant B-cell lymphoma by consensus, because it differs biologically and clinically from classic Hodgkin lymphoma and is closely related to T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. WHO-HAEM5 kept the old name so as not to interfere with trials in progress, while stating that the new name is acceptable in preparation for adopting it. The corpus keeps the record under the WHO-HAEM5 name and carries the other as an alias. Both books leave the four subtypes of classic Hodgkin lymphoma unchanged and both note that with modern treatment those subtypes have lost most of their prognostic meaning.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma
- Lymphoma Action: helpline services: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/support-you/helpline-services
- Lymphoma Action: questions to ask your medical team about lymphoma: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/tests-scans-and-lymphoma-staging/questions-ask-your-medical-team-about-lymphoma
- Lymphoma Action: follow-up after lymphoma treatment: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/follow-after-lymphoma-treatment
- Lymphoma Action: infections, risk and prevention: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/infections-risk-and-prevention
- Lymphoma Action: neutropenia (low neutrophils): https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/neutropenia-low-neutrophils
- Lymphoma Action: cancer-related fatigue: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/cancer-related-fatigue
- Lymphoma Action: lymphoma, work and you: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/living-and-beyond-lymphoma/day-day-living/lymphoma-work-and-you
- Maggie's: support and information: https://www.maggies.org/support-and-information/
- Lymphoma Action: classical Hodgkin lymphoma: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/types-lymphoma/hodgkin-lymphoma/classical-hodgkin-lymphoma
- Lymphoma Action: late effects of lymphoma treatment: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/information-and-support/side-effects-lymphoma-and-treatment/late-effects-lymphoma-treatment
- Lymphoma Action: annual breast screening missed following radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/news/annual-breast-screening-missed-following-radiotherapy-hodgkin-lymphoma
- GOV.UK: protocols for surveillance of women at higher risk of developing breast cancer, NHS Breast Screening Programme: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/breast-screening-higher-risk-women-surveillance-protocols/protocols-for-surveillance-of-women-at-higher-risk-of-developing-breast-cancer
- Schaapveld et al., second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma, New England Journal of Medicine 2015 (3,905 Dutch survivors): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1505949
- van Nimwegen et al., cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment, 40-year disease risk, JAMA Internal Medicine 2015 (2,524 Dutch patients): https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.1180
- NHS: Hodgkin lymphoma: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hodgkin-lymphoma/
- NHS: Hodgkin lymphoma, symptoms: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hodgkin-lymphoma/symptoms/
- NHS: Hodgkin lymphoma, treatment: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hodgkin-lymphoma/treatment/
- Macmillan: Hodgkin lymphoma: https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/lymphoma/hodgkin-lymphoma
- Cancer Research UK: living with Hodgkin lymphoma: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/hodgkin-lymphoma/living-with
- Macmillan: superior vena cava obstruction: https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/impacts-of-cancer/superior-vena-cava-obstruction
- WHO Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours, 5th edition: lymphoid neoplasms (Alaggio, Leukemia 2022): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01620-2
- International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms (Campo, Blood 2022): https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022015851

## Connected records

- pairings: [Caution: bleomycin lung toxicity, especially with brentuximab or G-CSF](https://onco.cc/pairings/bleomycin-omission-caution/), [Caution: cumulative anthracycline dose and the heart](https://onco.cc/pairings/doxorubicin-cardio-caution/), [PD-1 blockade + AVD chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/pairings/pd1-plus-avd-hodgkin/)
- biomarkers: [9p24.1 alteration of the PD-1 ligand loci](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/pd-ligand-9p24-alteration/), [CD30 expression (CD30-positive)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/cd30-expression/), [ctDNA MRD positivity (molecular residual disease after curative treatment)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/ctdna-mrd-positive/)
- roadmaps: [Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/)
- ideas: [A live stock-out map for essential chemotherapy drugs](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-chemo-stockout-early-warning/), [A radiotherapy-free cure for early Hodgkin lymphoma that actually holds](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-radiotherapy-free-early-hodgkin/), [A survivorship passport app for adolescent and young adult survivors](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-aya-survivorship-passport/), [A survivorship research endowment funded by a levy on curative therapy prices](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-fund-survivorship-endowment-levy/), [An Epstein-Barr virus vaccine to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer and lymphomas](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-prev-ebv-vaccine/), [Cash for transport and food to stop families abandoning curative treatment](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-abandonment-stipends/), [CD30 CAR-T for multiply relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-cd30-car-t-hodgkin/), [Chemotherapy-free Hodgkin lymphoma: brentuximab + PD-1 in early stage](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-chemo-free-hodgkin/), [Default fertility preservation referral for every patient under 40 before treatment](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-default-fertility-preservation-referral/), [Fertility preservation offered and funded by default before gonadotoxic treatment](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-moon-fertility-preservation-default/), [Guaranteed-quality childhood cancer medicines free of charge in 50 countries](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-childhood-medicines-platform-scale/), [Let adolescents from age 12 into adult trials when the cancer biology is the same](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-age-floor-twelve-for-adult-trials/), [Measure the late effects of the treatments being given now, not the ones given in 1975](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-late-effects-of-the-treatments-given-now/), [Nurse-led chemotherapy day units with a doctor on a screen](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-nurse-led-chemotherapy-units/), [Stop over-excluding people who could become pregnant; study pregnancy exposure](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-tr1-include-pregnancy-capable-people-sensibly/), [Tailored screening for second cancers in survivors with known high-risk exposures](https://onco.cc/ideas/idea-acc-tailored-second-cancer-screening/), [The drugs that cure lymphoma, and the places that do not have them](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-the-drugs-that-cure-and-the-places-without-them/), [Use circulating tumour DNA instead of the interim scan to decide what happens next](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-ctdna-instead-of-the-interim-scan/)
- technologies: [Adolescents and young adults: a group with its own cancers, its own gap and its own needs](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-ayac-distinct-group/), [After treatment in low and middle income countries: mostly nothing](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-access-survivorship-care-lmic/), [After treatment in the United States: the survivorship care plan, and what the trial found](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-access-survivorship-care-us/), [Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)](https://onco.cc/technologies/adc/), [Anxiety after cancer, in survivors and in their partners](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-anxiety-after-cancer/), [Anxiety around scans, and what the evidence says about how often to scan](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-scan-anxiety/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [Bone after childhood cancer: peak bone mass, osteonecrosis and what rebuilds](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-bone/), [Breast cancer after chest radiotherapy in childhood, and the screening that follows](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-breast-after-chest-radiotherapy/), [Cardio-oncology](https://onco.cc/technologies/cardio-oncology/), [Cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue and distress](https://onco.cc/technologies/cbt-fatigue-distress/), [ctDNA monitoring in lymphoma (PhasED-seq, clonoSEQ)](https://onco.cc/technologies/ctdna-lymphoma-monitoring/), [Cytogenetics and FISH](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytogenetics-fish/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/), [Early integrated palliative care](https://onco.cc/technologies/palliative-care/), [Education, work and the years that were interrupted](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-ayac-education-and-work/), [Exercise during chemotherapy and radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/exercise-during-chemotherapy/), [FDG PET](https://onco.cc/technologies/fdg-pet/), [Fear that the cancer will come back: how common it is, and when it stops being ordinary worry](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-fear-of-recurrence/), [Fertility in boys and young men treated for cancer, including testicular tissue banking](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-male/), [Fertility in girls and young women treated for cancer, including ovarian tissue freezing](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-female/), [Financial toxicity and financial navigation](https://onco.cc/technologies/financial-navigation/), [Getting psychological help after cancer: the stepped-care model, and what is actually commissioned](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-access-to-psychological-care/), [Going back to work after cancer: the rates, and the programmes that change them](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-life-return-to-work/), [Heart function after anthracyclines, trastuzumab and chest radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cardiotoxicity-surveillance-recovery/), [Histopathology & immunohistochemistry](https://onco.cc/technologies/histopathology-ihc/), [How long it takes to diagnose cancer in a young person, and what the evidence actually says](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-ayac-diagnostic-delay/), [How much illness childhood cancer survivors carry, and at what age](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-chronic-disease-burden/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)](https://onco.cc/technologies/imrt-igrt/), [Insurance, mortgages and the right to be forgotten](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-life-insurance-loans-and-the-right-to-be-forgotten/), [Late deaths after childhood cancer, what causes them, and the proof that gentler treatment worked](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-late-mortality/), [Log-kill hypothesis (Skipper)](https://onco.cc/technologies/log-kill-hypothesis/), [Long-term follow-up in the United Kingdom: what a survivor is actually offered](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-uk-long-term-follow-up/), [Mammography & tomosynthesis](https://onco.cc/technologies/mammography/), [Multidisciplinary tumour boards](https://onco.cc/technologies/multidisciplinary-tumour-board/), [Nutrition support and cachexia management](https://onco.cc/technologies/oncology-nutrition/), [Oncofertility and fertility preservation](https://onco.cc/technologies/fertility-preservation/), [Ovarian function after chemotherapy: who recovers, and when](https://onco.cc/technologies/ovarian-function-after-chemotherapy/), [Peer support and support groups](https://onco.cc/technologies/peer-support-groups/), [PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/pet-adapted-therapy/), [PET/CT](https://onco.cc/technologies/pet-ct/), [Post-traumatic growth: what people report, and what the measurement actually captures](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-post-traumatic-growth/), [Prehabilitation before cancer surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/prehabilitation/), [Proton therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/proton-therapy/), [Psycho-oncology and distress screening](https://onco.cc/technologies/psycho-oncology/), [Quantitative imaging biomarkers (RECIST, PERCIST, SUV, ADC)](https://onco.cc/technologies/quantitative-imaging-biomarkers/), [Second cancers after childhood cancer: the risk by treatment, and why it is falling](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-second-cancers/), [Services built for teenagers and young adults, and what the national evaluation found](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-ayac-services/), [Sleep after cancer: how common insomnia is, how long it lasts, and the treatment that works](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-mind-sleep-after-cancer/), [Strain echocardiography (global longitudinal strain)](https://onco.cc/technologies/strain-echocardiography-gls/), [Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance](https://onco.cc/technologies/survivorship-care-plan/), [Testosterone after cancer treatment in men](https://onco.cc/technologies/testosterone-after-cancer-treatment/), [The biological age test you can buy, and whether to buy one](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-measure-consumer-biological-age-tests/), [The Children's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-cog-ltfu-guidelines/), [The cumulative dose that decides whether it comes back](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-recovery-cumulative-dose/), [The handover from children's to adult services, where follow-up falls away](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-transition-to-adult-care/), [The heart after anthracyclines and chest radiotherapy in childhood](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-heart/), [Troponin and natriuretic peptide monitoring during cancer treatment](https://onco.cc/technologies/cardiac-biomarker-monitoring/), [What comes back after treatment, treatment by treatment](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-recovery-matrix/), [What recovery costs in the UK, and what it does not](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-access-what-it-costs-uk/), [Who gets told about fertility before treatment, and who does not](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-access-fertility-preservation/)
- targets: [B2M](https://onco.cc/targets/b2m/), [CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha)](https://onco.cc/targets/cd25/), [CD30](https://onco.cc/targets/cd30/), [CIITA](https://onco.cc/targets/ciita/), [GATA3](https://onco.cc/targets/gata3/), [Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1)](https://onco.cc/targets/glucocorticoid-receptor/), [JAK1](https://onco.cc/targets/jak1/), [JAK2](https://onco.cc/targets/jak2/), [KLHDC8B](https://onco.cc/targets/klhdc8b/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [PD-L1](https://onco.cc/targets/pdl1/), [SOCS1](https://onco.cc/targets/socs1/), [STAT3](https://onco.cc/targets/stat3/), [TUBA1A](https://onco.cc/targets/tuba1a/), [TUBA1B](https://onco.cc/targets/tuba1b/), [TUBA1C](https://onco.cc/targets/tuba1c/), [TUBA3C](https://onco.cc/targets/tuba3c/), [TUBA3E](https://onco.cc/targets/tuba3e/), [TUBA4A](https://onco.cc/targets/tuba4a/), [TUBB1](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb1/), [TUBB2A](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb2a/), [TUBB2B](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb2b/), [TUBB3](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb3/), [TUBB4A](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb4a/), [TUBB4B](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb4b/), [TUBB6](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb6/), [TUBB8](https://onco.cc/targets/tubb8/)
- drugs: [Abexinostat](https://onco.cc/drugs/abexinostat/), [AT101](https://onco.cc/drugs/at101/), [AZD3470](https://onco.cc/drugs/azd3470/), [AZD4512](https://onco.cc/drugs/azd4512/), [Bleomycin](https://onco.cc/drugs/bleomycin/), [Brentuximab vedotin](https://onco.cc/drugs/brentuximab-vedotin/), [Carmustine](https://onco.cc/drugs/carmustine/), [CD19 t-haNK](https://onco.cc/drugs/cd19-t-hank/), [Chlorambucil](https://onco.cc/drugs/chlorambucil/), [Cobolimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/cobolimab/), [CTX112](https://onco.cc/drugs/ctx112/), [Dacarbazine](https://onco.cc/drugs/dacarbazine/), [Dexamethasone](https://onco.cc/drugs/dexamethasone/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Englumafusp alfa](https://onco.cc/drugs/englumafusp-alfa/), [Etoposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/), [Favezelimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/favezelimab/), [JNJ-90014496](https://onco.cc/drugs/jnj-90014496/), [KRT-232](https://onco.cc/drugs/krt-232/), [Mechlorethamine (chlormethine)](https://onco.cc/drugs/mechlorethamine/), [MEN1703](https://onco.cc/drugs/men1703/), [MK-1045](https://onco.cc/drugs/mk-1045/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Palifermin](https://onco.cc/drugs/palifermin/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Penpulimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/penpulimab/), [Prednisone](https://onco.cc/drugs/prednisone/), [Procarbazine](https://onco.cc/drugs/procarbazine/), [Rondecabtagene autoleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/rondecabtagene-autoleucel/), [Sintilimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/sintilimab/), [Vinblastine](https://onco.cc/drugs/vinblastine/), [Vincristine](https://onco.cc/drugs/vincristine/), [Zimberelimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/zimberelimab/)
- companies: [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://onco.cc/companies/bms/), [Cellectis](https://onco.cc/companies/cellectis/), [Children's Oncology Group (COG)](https://onco.cc/companies/childrens-oncology-group/), [Compass Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/compass-therapeutics/), [Evopoint Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/evopoint-biosciences/), [Foresight Diagnostics](https://onco.cc/companies/foresight-diagnostics/), [German Breast Group (GBG)](https://onco.cc/companies/gbg/), [German Hodgkin Study Group](https://onco.cc/companies/ghsg/), [Haihe Biopharma](https://onco.cc/companies/haihe-biopharma/), [HOVON](https://onco.cc/companies/hovon/), [Kartos Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/kartos-therapeutics/), [Leadiant Biosciences](https://onco.cc/companies/leadiant/), [LYSA (The Lymphoma Study Association)](https://onco.cc/companies/lysa/), [Merck & Co. (MSD)](https://onco.cc/companies/merck/), [Nordic Lymphoma Group](https://onco.cc/companies/nordic-lymphoma-group/), [Pfizer (incl. Seagen)](https://onco.cc/companies/pfizer/), [Ryvu Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/ryvu-therapeutics/), [Shenzhen TargetRx](https://onco.cc/companies/shenzhen-targetrx/), [SWOG Cancer Research Network](https://onco.cc/companies/swog/), [Takeda](https://onco.cc/companies/takeda/)
- institutions: [American Society of Hematology](https://onco.cc/institutions/ash/), [Anthony Nolan](https://onco.cc/institutions/anthony-nolan/), [BC Cancer](https://onco.cc/institutions/bc-cancer/), [Blood Cancer UK](https://onco.cc/institutions/blood-cancer-uk/), [Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence](https://onco.cc/institutions/butaro-cancer-center/), [Cancer Research UK](https://onco.cc/institutions/cruk/), [Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine](https://onco.cc/institutions/baylor-duncan/), [Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/dana-farber/), [European Hematology Association](https://onco.cc/institutions/eha/), [IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico Sant'Orsola](https://onco.cc/institutions/sant-orsola-bologna/), [Juravinski Cancer Centre / Escarpment Cancer Research Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/juravinski/), [Lymphoma Action](https://onco.cc/institutions/lymphoma-action/), [Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center](https://onco.cc/institutions/mskcc/), [University Hospital Southampton / Centre for Cancer Immunology](https://onco.cc/institutions/southampton-cancer/), [University Hospitals Birmingham / University of Birmingham Cancer Research Centre](https://onco.cc/institutions/birmingham-cancer-centre/)
- pathways: [Antigen presentation & immune editing](https://onco.cc/pathways/antigen-presentation-immunoediting/), [JAK-STAT signalling](https://onco.cc/pathways/jak-stat/), [Myeloid suppression: TAMs, MDSCs & don't-eat-me signals](https://onco.cc/pathways/myeloid-suppression-axis/), [Oncogenic viruses](https://onco.cc/pathways/oncogenic-viruses/), [PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/pd1-checkpoint/), [Tumour microenvironment (TME)](https://onco.cc/pathways/tumor-microenvironment/)
- terms: [A clinical trial or standard treatment in lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-decision-trial/), [ABVD, BEACOPP and BrECADD (Hodgkin lymphoma regimens)](https://onco.cc/terms/abvd-beacopp/), [Adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology](https://onco.cc/terms/aya-oncology/), [After Hodgkin lymphoma: the late effects, and the screening that follows them](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-living-hodgkin-survivorship-screening/), [Age, smoking and inherited predisposition: what the treatment risk is added to](https://onco.cc/terms/rejuv-second-age-smoking-and-inherited-risk/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)](https://onco.cc/terms/autologous-transplant/), [B-cell, T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-b-versus-t-cell/), [Breast cancer after chest radiotherapy given young](https://onco.cc/terms/second-primary-breast-after-chest-radiotherapy/), [British and American lymphoma practice: where they differ, and why](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-uk-versus-us/), [Cancer during pregnancy](https://onco.cc/terms/cancer-in-pregnancy/), [Cancer-related fatigue (tiredness)](https://onco.cc/terms/cancer-related-fatigue/), [Cardiotoxicity (LVEF decline, cardiomyopathy)](https://onco.cc/terms/cardiotoxicity/), [Central venous access (port, PICC line)](https://onco.cc/terms/central-venous-access/), [Choices made at the time of treatment that change the second cancer risk](https://onco.cc/terms/rejuv-second-choices-made-at-treatment/), [Deauville five-point scale](https://onco.cc/terms/deauville-score/), [Deauville score and PET-adapted therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/deauville/), [Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH)](https://onco.cc/terms/deep-inspiration-breath-hold/), [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/ebv-term/), [Epstein-Barr virus latency programmes, and why they decide which lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-bio-ebv-latency/), [Escalated chemotherapy or ABVD in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: more cures, more late harm, and what the interim scan changed](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-decision-beacopp-or-abvd/), [Fatigue after lymphoma treatment, and why it is a symptom to report](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-living-fatigue/), [Febrile neutropenia](https://onco.cc/terms/febrile-neutropenia/), [Fertility before lymphoma treatment: what to ask for, and when](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-fertility-preservation/), [Fertility preservation before lymphoma treatment: a decision with a deadline in days](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-decision-fertility-timing/), [Financial toxicity](https://onco.cc/terms/financial-toxicity/), [Going back to work after lymphoma, and the money in the meantime](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-living-returning-to-work/), [Hepatitis B reactivation before rituximab and other anti-CD20 antibodies](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-hepatitis-b-reactivation/), [Hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection risk after B-cell therapies](https://onco.cc/terms/hypogammaglobulinaemia/), [Infection prophylaxis in lymphoma: PJP, herpes, fungal risk and vaccination](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-pjp-and-infection-prophylaxis/), [Late effects and survivorship toxicity](https://onco.cc/terms/late-effects/), [Late effects of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment, and the follow-up that answers them](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-hodgkin-late-effects/), [Low antibodies and infection risk for years after anti-CD20 and bispecific antibodies](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-living-infection-years-after/), [Lugano classification / Ann Arbor staging](https://onco.cc/terms/lugano-classification/), [Lung cancer after chest radiotherapy and after alkylating chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/second-primary-lung-after-chest-radiotherapy/), [Lymphoma (tissue type)](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-type/), [Maintenance and consolidation in lymphoma: where it works and where it does not](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-maintenance/), [Neutropenia](https://onco.cc/terms/neutropenia/), [Overall survival (OS)](https://onco.cc/terms/os/), [Performance status (ECOG, Karnofsky)](https://onco.cc/terms/performance-status/), [Plasma EBV DNA](https://onco.cc/terms/plasma-ebv-dna/), [Progression-free survival (PFS)](https://onco.cc/terms/pfs/), [Quality of life](https://onco.cc/terms/quality-of-life/), [Radiotherapy and second cancers: field, dose and age at exposure](https://onco.cc/terms/rejuv-second-radiotherapy-dose-field-and-age/), [Radiotherapy in lymphoma: involved-site fields, 24 Gy, 4 Gy and total skin electron therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-radiotherapy/), [Reed-Sternberg cell](https://onco.cc/terms/reed-sternberg-cell/), [Screening survivors: where the UK, American and European answers differ](https://onco.cc/terms/rejuv-second-screening-after-treatment-compared/), [Second cancers after radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/second-cancers-after-radiotherapy/), [Secondary malignancy (therapy-related cancer)](https://onco.cc/terms/secondary-malignancy/), [Skin cancer after cancer treatment](https://onco.cc/terms/second-primary-skin-cancer-after-cancer-treatment/), [Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/), [The Hodgkin microenvironment: when the cancer cell is the minority](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-bio-hodgkin-microenvironment/), [The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/), [The surveillance schedule, and the evidence that routine scans do not find relapse first](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-living-scanxiety-and-surveillance/), [The two lymphoma classifications of 2022 (WHO-HAEM5 and ICC)](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-classification-2022/), [The UK very high risk breast screening protocol after chest radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/rejuv-second-uk-very-high-risk-breast-screening/), [Thyroid cancer after neck radiotherapy, and whether to look for it](https://onco.cc/terms/second-primary-thyroid-after-neck-radiotherapy/), [Vaccinations around lymphoma treatment: the ones to have first, and the ones not to have at all](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-living-vaccinations/), [What it costs to aim at a lineage antigen](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-bio-lineage-antigen-cost/), [What the NHS in England funds for lymphoma, appraisal by appraisal](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-uk-access/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Abexinostat in Chinese Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04024696/), [A Dose-Escalation and Expansion Study of Tacabrutideg (BGB-16673) in Participants With B-Cell Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05006716/), [A First-in-Human Study of HLA-Partially to Fully Matched Allogenic Cryopreserved Deceased Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05589896/), [A Phase I/II Study of AZD4512 Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agents in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphom](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07123454/), [A Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating CTX112 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05643742/), [A Study Evaluating APG-115 as a Single Agent or in Combination With APG-2575 in Subjects With R/R T-PLL and NHL](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04496349/), [A Study Evaluating the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Mosunetuzumab Monotherapy in Participants With Select B-Cell Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05207670/), [A Study of AZD0486 Monotherapy or in Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Agents for Mature B-Cell Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06564038/), [A Study of Brentuximab Vedotin + Adriamycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine in Pediatric Participants With Advanced Stage Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02979522/), [A Study of Carmustine With and Without Ethanol in Subjects With Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06915246/), [A Study of Cobolimab Plus Dostarlimab in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06521567/), [A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Pediatric Participants With an Advanced Solid Tumor or Lymphoma (MK-3475-051/KEYNOTE-051)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02332668/), [A Study to Assess BMS-986458 Alone and in Combination With Anti-lymphoma Agents in Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06090539/), [A Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of CHO-H01 as a Single Agent/Combined With Lenalidomide in Subjects With Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin's Ly](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05950165/), [A Study to Assess the Anti-Tumor Activity and Safety of Odronextamab in Adult Patients With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Have Been Previously Treat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03888105/), [A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Subcutaneous (SC) Epcoritamab As Monotherapy or Combined With Standard of Care Th](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05201248/), [A Study to Evaluate Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity of Subcutaneous (SC) Epcoritamab in Combination With Oral and Intravenous Anti-Neopl](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05283720/), [A Study to Evaluate Glofitamab Monotherapy and Glofitamab + Chemoimmunotherapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Matu](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05533775/), [A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Mosunetuzumab (BTCT4465A) in Combination With Polatuzumab Vedotin in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03671018/), [A Study to Investigate Ronde-cel Versus Investigator's Choice CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07188558/), [A Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Zanubrutinib Plus Rituximab Compared With Bendamustine Plus Rituximab in Adults With Previously Untreated Mantl](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04002297/), [A Trial to Learn How Effective and Safe Odronextamab is Compared to Standard of Care for Adult Participants With Previously Treated Aggressive B-cell ](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06230224/), [AETHERA](https://onco.cc/trials/aethera/), [AHL2011](https://onco.cc/trials/ahl2011/), [AHOD1331](https://onco.cc/trials/ahod1331/), [AHOD2131 (COG / NCTN)](https://onco.cc/trials/ahod2131/), [An Open-Label Phase lB/II Study of Glofitamab and Atezolizumab or Polatuzumab Vedotin in Adult Patients With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03533283/), [AZD3470 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Anticancer Agent(s) in Participants With Haematologic Malignancies.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06137144/), [BMT CTN 0803](https://onco.cc/trials/bmt-ctn-0803/), [CD19-targeted CAR T Cells for Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Large B-cell Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06479356/), [CheckMate 205](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-205/), [Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS)](https://onco.cc/trials/ccss/), [Clinical Study of XNW5004 Combined With CHOP/CHOEP in the Treatment of Untreated Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07730515/), [ECHELON-1](https://onco.cc/trials/echelon-1/), [EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10](https://onco.cc/trials/eortc-h10/), [EuroNet-PHL-C2](https://onco.cc/trials/euronet-phl-c2/), [Evaluate Optimization of CRS Profile for Glofit Monotherapy and Glofit+GemOx in R/R Aggressive B-NHL](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06806033/), [GHSG HD10](https://onco.cc/trials/hd10/), [GHSG HD16](https://onco.cc/trials/hd16/), [GHSG HD18](https://onco.cc/trials/hd18/), [GHSG HD21](https://onco.cc/trials/hd21/), [IDP-023 as a Single Agent and in Combination With Antibody Therapies in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Cancers](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06119685/), [KEYNOTE-204](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-204/), [MEN1703 (SEL24) to Treat Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (JASPIS-01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06534437/), [NHS-Galleri](https://onco.cc/trials/nhs-galleri/), [Phase 2 Study Evaluating Autologous CD30.CAR-T Cells in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHARIOT)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04268706/), [Phase II Study of Oral Panobinostat in Adult Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00742027/), [RADAR](https://onco.cc/trials/radar-hodgkin/), [RATHL](https://onco.cc/trials/rathl/), [Resminostat (4SC-201) in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01037478/), [Safety and Efficacy of KRT-232 in Combination With Acalabrutinib in Subjects With R/R DLBCL or R/R CLL](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04502394/), [Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Children and Young Adults With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (MK-3475-667/KEYNOTE-667)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03407144/), [Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of AT101 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05338931/), [Study Evaluating UCART20x22 in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05607420/), [Study of Acalabrutinib Alone or in Combination Therapy in Subjects With B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02180711/), [Study of Rondecabtagene Autoleucel in Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05826535/), [Study to Evaluate CCS1477 (Inobrodib) in Haematological Malignancies](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04068597/), [Surovatamig (AZD0486) as Monotherapy in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) B-cell NHL](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06526793/), [SWOG S1826](https://onco.cc/trials/swog-s1826/), [T-Cell Therapy (EB103) in Adults With Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06343311/), [Treatment of Chinese Participants With B-Cell Malignancies With BGB-16673, a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Protein-Degrader](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05294731/)
- journals: [Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia](https://onco.cc/journals/clinical-lymphoma-myeloma-and-leukemia/), [Current hematologic malignancy reports](https://onco.cc/journals/current-hematologic-malignancy-reports/), [Hematological oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/hematological-oncology/), [Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology](https://onco.cc/journals/journal-of-adolescent-and-young-adult-oncology/), [Leukemia & lymphoma](https://onco.cc/journals/leukemia-and-lymphoma/)
- key papers: [AHOD1331: brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy in paediatric high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ahod1331-brentuximab-vedotin-paediatric-hodgkin-castellino-nejm-2022/), [Breast cancer following radiotherapy and chemotherapy among young women with Hodgkin disease](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-travis-breast-cancer-after-hodgkin-radiotherapy-jama-2003/), [Cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment: 40-year disease risk](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-van-nimwegen-cardiovascular-disease-after-hodgkin-jama-intern-med-2015/), [Early positron emission tomography response-adapted treatment in stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-eortc-h10-pet-adapted-early-hodgkin-jco-2017/), [ECHELON-1: brentuximab vedotin replacing bleomycin in first-line chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-echelon-1-brentuximab-avd-nejm-2018/), [GHSG HD10: reduced treatment intensity in early-stage favourable Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd10-reduced-intensity-early-hodgkin-nejm-2010/), [Long-term follow-up of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma treated in the GHSG HD7 to HD15 trials](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-eichenauer-nlphl-ghsg-hd7-hd15-long-term-jco-2020/), [Performance of a multi-cancer early detection test in the randomized controlled NHS-Galleri trial](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-nhs-galleri-performance-nat-med-2026/), [PET-adapted treatment for newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (AHL2011): a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ahl2011-pet-adapted-treatment-advanced-hodgkin-lancet-oncol-2019/), [PET-guided treatment in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD18): final results of an open-label, international, randomised phase 3 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd18-pet-guided-escalated-beacopp-lancet-2017/), [Positron emission tomography-guided treatment in early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the international, randomized phase III HD16 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-ghsg-hd16-pet-guided-early-favourable-hodgkin-jco-2019/), [Second cancer risk up to 40 years after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-schaapveld-second-cancer-risk-40-years-hodgkin-nejm-2015/), [SWOG S1826: nivolumab plus AVD chemotherapy versus brentuximab-AVD for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and adults](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-swog-s1826-nivolumab-avd-nejm-2024/), [Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964/)
- cancers: [Adolescent and young adult cancers (ages 15 to 39)](https://onco.cc/cancers/aya-cancers/), [Advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage III to IV)](https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-stage-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Childhood cancers (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/childhood-cancers/), [Early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage I to II)](https://onco.cc/cancers/early-stage-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas](https://onco.cc/cancers/hiv-associated-lymphoma/), [Lymphomatoid papulosis](https://onco.cc/cancers/lymphomatoid-papulosis/), [Mediastinal grey zone lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/mediastinal-grey-zone-lymphoma/), [Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (nodular lymphocyte-predominant B-cell lymphoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/nodular-lymphocyte-predominant-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)](https://onco.cc/cancers/post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder/), [Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/), [Relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/relapsed-refractory-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/t-cell-histiocyte-rich-large-b-cell-lymphoma/)
- people: [Alex F. Herrera](https://onco.cc/people/alex-herrera/), [Andreas Engert](https://onco.cc/people/andreas-engert/), [Armando Santoro](https://onco.cc/people/armando-santoro/), [Emil "Tom" Frei III](https://onco.cc/people/emil-frei/), [Joseph M. Connors](https://onco.cc/people/joseph-connors/), [Kara M. Kelly](https://onco.cc/people/kara-kelly/), [Peter Borchmann](https://onco.cc/people/peter-borchmann/), [Peter Johnson](https://onco.cc/people/peter-johnson/), [Sirpa Leppä](https://onco.cc/people/sirpa-leppa/), [Vinod Raina](https://onco.cc/people/raina-vinod/)
- bottlenecks: [Most of the world has almost no cancer care](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-global-access/), [No randomised trial shows that any survivorship screening programme reduces death](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/rejuv-agenda-screening-without-a-trial/), [Survivorship and late effects are neglected](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-survivorship/)
- collections: [Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS)](https://onco.cc/collections/leukemia-lymphoma-society/), [Lymphoma Research Foundation (LRF)](https://onco.cc/collections/lymphoma-research-foundation/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/hodgkin-lymphoma.json