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Abnormal-looking cells in a surface lining that are not yet cancer but are on the way. Finding and removing dysplasia (cervical smears, Barrett's surveillance, colon polyps) is how screening prevents cancer rather than just detecting it early.
Dysplasia is graded low or high by how disordered the cells and architecture are; high-grade dysplasia is treated because a substantial fraction progresses to invasive cancer. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2-3) is excised or ablated; Barrett's with dysplasia is ablated by radiofrequency after endoscopic resection; adenomatous polyps are removed at colonoscopy; oral leukoplakia and anal intraepithelial neoplasia are watched or treated. Atypical hyperplasia of the breast raises risk and can justify preventive tamoxifen. Carcinoma in situ is the most severe form, in which the whole epithelium is malignant but has not invaded.
Most high-grade ovarian cancers begin at the tip of the fallopian tube; endometrial cancer lines the uterus, cervical cancer starts at the transformation zone; each drains to a different node group.
Same organ: Adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix, Bartholin gland carcinoma, Vulvar melanoma, Vaginal melanoma, High-grade serous ovarian cancer, Low-grade serous ovarian cancer, Clear cell ovarian cancer, Mucinous ovarian cancer, Adult granulosa cell tumour of the ovary, Ovarian cancer, Endometrial cancer, Vulvar cancer, Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, Uterine sarcoma, Vaginal cancer, POLE-ultramutated endometrial cancer, Mismatch-repair-deficient endometrial cancer, p53-abnormal endometrial cancer, including uterine serous carcinoma, Endometrial cancer with no specific molecular profile, Advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer, Uterine carcinosarcoma, Early cervical cancer and fertility-sparing surgery, Locally advanced cervical cancer, Recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer, Platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, HPV-associated vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, HPV-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (p53-mutant), Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-associated), Vaginal adenocarcinoma (including DES-associated clear cell adenocarcinoma), Low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 0 to 6), High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 7 or more, including ultra-high-risk), Placental-site trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour
Showing the organ this term concerns: Cervical cancer.
Molecular confirmation that the visible precursor is not always the parent of the cancer beside it, which tempers hopes that finding and removing dysplasia catches every tumour, and puts Wnt signalling through CTNNB1 at the start of the raised route.
This paper created the ICPN category adopted by the WHO classification and quantified the polyp route: rare as an origin of cancer, dangerous when present, and better in outcome. It underpins the 1 cm threshold for removing gallbladder polyps.
The morphological argument that gallbladder cancer is a flat-dysplasia disease, which is why it is invisible on imaging until late and why prevention rests on removing the diseased gallbladder rather than on polyp surveillance alone.
The origin of the 10 to 15 year window quoted for gallbladder carcinogenesis, which is the argument that cholecystectomy for stones or dysplasia in high-incidence regions prevents cancer years later.
Shares Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm (ICPN), Genomic characterization of co-existing neoplasia and carcinoma lesions reveals distinct evolutionary paths of gallbladder cancer, Metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ: the flat route to gallbladder cancer, Gallbladder cancer.
Shares Barrett's oesophagus, Colonoscopy, Oesophageal cancer, Colorectal cancer.
Shares Carcinoma in situ and dysplasia of the gallbladder, Carcinoma in situ (CIS), Gallbladder cancer.
Shares Carcinoma in situ and dysplasia of the gallbladder, Carcinoma in situ (CIS), Gallbladder cancer.
Shares Polyp types in the bowel, Colonoscopy, Colorectal cancer.
Shares High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), Tumour differentiation (well / moderately / poorly differentiated).
Shares Actinic keratosis (solar keratosis): sun damage, not cancer, Tumour differentiation (well / moderately / poorly differentiated).
Shares Polyp types in the bowel, Colonoscopy, Colorectal cancer.