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Anything measurable in the body or tumour that tells you something useful: what kind of cancer it is, how it is likely to behave, or which drug is likely to work.
Biomarkers come in three main flavours: diagnostic (what is this?), prognostic (how will it behave regardless of treatment?) and predictive (will this particular treatment work?); ER, PD-L1, HER2, EGFR mutations and MSI are predictive biomarkers with drugs attached to them, PSA and CA-125 are tumour markers used for monitoring, and Ki-67 is prognostic. Predictive biomarkers underpin precision oncology, letting trials enrol only patients likely to benefit and sparing others a useless drug, and a test validated for this purpose becomes a companion diagnostic. Many biomarkers remain imperfect, PD-L1 most famously, and validating and standardising them is one of the field's chronic bottlenecks.
Showing the technology this term belongs to: Companion diagnostics.
Shares ROC-AUC, PR-AUC and time-dependent AUC, Analytical versus clinical validation.
Shares Tumour marker, CEA surveillance after colorectal cancer surgery, Serum tumour markers: proper use and misuse.
Shares Companion diagnostics, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), Histopathology & immunohistochemistry.
Shares Tumour biology, CEA surveillance after colorectal cancer surgery, Serum tumour markers: proper use and misuse, Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA).
Shares Prognosis, Tumour marker, Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA).
Shares Prosigna (PAM50), Enrichment and biomarker-stratified designs, Companion diagnostics.
Shares Companion diagnostics, Tumour mutational burden (TMB), Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), Comprehensive genomic profiling.
Shares Prognosis, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Histopathology & immunohistochemistry.