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Xanthine oxidase makes uric acid from the breakdown of DNA; allopurinol blocks it to prevent the kidney damage of tumour lysis syndrome when chemotherapy kills many cancer cells at once.
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase converts hypoxanthine and xanthine, released when nucleic acids from dying cells are broken down, into uric acid. When treatment destroys a large tumour burden quickly, as in acute leukaemia and high-grade lymphoma, the surge of uric acid can crystallise in the kidneys; allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase to stop new uric acid forming, and rasburicase breaks down uric acid that already exists. Allopurinol is standard prophylaxis for patients at intermediate risk of tumour lysis syndrome, with rasburicase reserved for high-risk or established cases.
In plain words · Xanthine oxidase makes uric acid from the breakdown of DNA; allopurinol blocks it to prevent the kidney damage of tumour lysis syndrome when chemotherapy kills many cancer cells at once.
Xanthine oxidase makes uric acid from the breakdown of DNA; allopurinol blocks it to prevent the kidney damage of tumour lysis syndrome when chemotherapy kills many cancer cells at once.
A molybdenum-containing enzyme of purine catabolism in liver and gut; its oxidase form also generates reactive oxygen species.
No product in this corpus aims at Xanthine oxidase (XDH) yet. Inhibitors are shaped to fit the enzyme's active site so the reaction the cancer relies on stops.
Tumour-associated overexpression: HPA finds the RNA group enriched in normal breast, intestine, liver, so the tumour and the normal tissue it comes from share the target and the medicine relies on the difference in level. HPA XDH: RNA group enriched (breast 39 nTPM, intestine 47 nTPM, liver 64 nTPM); no normal tissue stained high. Distribution: 2 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Leukaemia, Lymphoma); Open Targets associates it with 2 specific cancer types at or above 0.5 (leukemia, lymphoma). (Rule 7 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)
Sources: Human Protein Atlas XDH tissue; Human Protein Atlas XDH pathology; Open Targets ENSG00000158125 associations
First described 1993. Earliest sequence paper UniProt cites for the protein: Ichida et al, Gene, 1993, "Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase): structural analysis of the protein and chromosomal location of the gene". Source.
A molybdenum-containing enzyme of purine catabolism in liver and gut; its oxidase form also generates reactive oxygen species.
RNA: group enriched (breast 39 nTPM, intestine 47 nTPM, liver 64 nTPM), detected in many normal tissues.
No normal tissue stained high; medium in Lactating breast.
No cancer sample stained medium or high.
HPA XDH tissue · HPA XDH pathology · HPA protein class: FDA approved drug targets
Human Protein Atlas version 25.1, antibody staining at reliability approved, enhanced or supported; used under CC BY-SA 3.0. Staining counts are patients per level in the atlas cohort, not population prevalence.
| Cancer | Prevalence | Measure | Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metastatic cancer | host% | Host target: xanthine oxidase in uric acid formation. Not a tumour alteration, so no prevalence applies; the drug acts on normal tissue or on symptoms. |
Approximate, population-level figures; the measure column says what was counted. Ranges show the midpoint as a bar.
Query for this target: (TITLE:"Xanthine oxidase" OR ABSTRACT:"Xanthine oxidase" OR TITLE:"XDH" OR ABSTRACT:"XDH") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Xanthine oxidase (XDH), not a curated reading list.
Shares Rasburicase, Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS), Burkitt lymphoma, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Shares Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS), Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Shares Burkitt lymphoma, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Acute myeloid leukaemia.
Shares Burkitt lymphoma, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Acute myeloid leukaemia, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Shares Rasburicase, Burkitt lymphoma, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Shares Burkitt lymphoma, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Acute myeloid leukaemia, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.