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GD2 is a sugar-fat molecule on the surface of neuroblastoma cells (and some other childhood and adult tumours) with almost none on normal tissue except nerves, which is why anti-GD2 drugs cause pain.
Disialoganglioside GD2 is expressed at high density on nearly all neuroblastomas, most osteosarcomas and melanomas, and diffuse midline gliomas, with normal expression restricted to peripheral nerves, melanocytes and CNS. Anti-GD2 antibodies (dinutuximab, dinutuximab beta, naxitamab) improved high-risk neuroblastoma survival; GD2 CAR-T (GD2-CART01, Italian phase 1/2) gives durable complete responses in relapsed disease and shows activity in diffuse midline glioma (Stanford). Neuropathic pain from nerve GD2 binding is the class toxicity.
In plain words · GD2 is a sugar-fat molecule on the surface of neuroblastoma cells (and some other childhood and adult tumours) with almost none on normal tissue except nerves, which is why anti-GD2 drugs cause pain.
GD2 is a sugar-fat molecule on the surface of neuroblastoma cells (and some other childhood and adult tumours) with almost none on normal tissue except nerves, which is why anti-GD2 drugs cause pain.
Glycosphingolipid synthesised by GD2 synthase (B4GALNT1); not internalised efficiently, so antibodies act by ADCC/CDC rather than as ADC carriers.
2 products aim at GD2 (disialoganglioside): antibodies. Because it sits on the outside of the cell, it can be reached from the bloodstream: antibodies flag the cell, ADCs deliver a toxin, radioligands deliver radiation, and CAR-T or bispecifics bring a T cell.
Tumour-associated overexpression: 2 antibodies (Dinutuximab (ch14.18) / dinutuximab beta, Naxitamab) aim at the antigen, which HPA finds stained high in 6 normal tissues; the medicine relies on the tumour carrying more of it than the normal tissue it shares it with. HPA B4GALNT1: RNA tissue enriched (brain 84 nTPM); high antibody staining in 6 normal tissues; highest cancer staining testis cancer (1 of 11 high). Distribution: 4 cancer families in the corpus carry a prevalence row, label threshold or catalogue link for it (Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST), Childhood cancers (all types), Skin cancer (all types), Brain and spinal cord tumours (all types)); Open Targets associates it with 0 specific cancer types at or above 0.5. (Rule 5 of scripts/fetch-target-specificity.ts.)
Sources: Human Protein Atlas B4GALNT1 tissue; Human Protein Atlas B4GALNT1 pathology; Open Targets ENSG00000135454 associations
Glycosphingolipid synthesised by GD2 synthase (B4GALNT1); not internalised efficiently, so antibodies act by ADCC/CDC rather than as ADC carriers.
RNA: tissue enriched (brain 84 nTPM), detected in many normal tissues.
RNA cancer enriched: Glioblastoma Multiforme 50 pTPM.
Medium only: glioma, liver cancer, lymphoma.
Human Protein Atlas version 25.1, antibody staining at reliability approved, enhanced or supported; used under CC BY-SA 3.0. Staining counts are patients per level in the atlas cohort, not population prevalence.
The antibody that raised cure rates in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma by about 20 points when given after transplant with immune boosters and retinoid.
Naxitamab is a humanised anti-GD2 antibody from Memorial Sloan Kettering, given as an outpatient with GM-CSF for relapsed neuroblastoma in bone or marrow.
Query for this target: (TITLE:"GD2" OR ABSTRACT:"GD2" OR TITLE:"disialoganglioside" OR ABSTRACT:"disialoganglioside" OR TITLE:"GD2 B4GALNT1 product" OR ABSTRACT:"GD2 B4GALNT1 product" OR TITLE:"Disialoganglioside GD2" OR ABSTRACT:"Disialoganglioside GD2") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about GD2 (disialoganglioside), not a curated reading list.
Shares Childhood cancers (all types) and the tag car-t-target.
Shares Y-mAbs Therapeutics, Naxitamab, High-risk neuroblastoma, Neuroblastoma (paediatric).
Shares GD2 CAR-T as consolidation in high-risk neuroblastoma, Crystal L. Mackall, GD2-CART01 (Bambino Gesù phase 1/2), Neuroblastoma (paediatric).
Shares COG ANBL0032, Dinutuximab (ch14.18) / dinutuximab beta, High-risk neuroblastoma, Neuroblastoma (paediatric).
Shares Dinutuximab (ch14.18) / dinutuximab beta, High-risk neuroblastoma, Childhood cancers (all types), Neuroblastoma (paediatric).
Shares Julie R. Park, High-risk neuroblastoma, Neuroblastoma (paediatric).
Shares Alice L. Yu, Julie R. Park, COG ANBL0032, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center.
Shares Dinutuximab (ch14.18) / dinutuximab beta, High-risk neuroblastoma, Childhood cancers (all types), Neuroblastoma (paediatric).