COG ANBL0532

COG ANBL0532, trial NCT00567567 run by the Children's Oncology Group and published in JAMA in 2019, showed that two autologous transplants in a row beat one in high-risk neuroblastoma. It randomised 652 children after induction to tandem or single transplant and met its primary event-free survival endpoint at three years, with a larger gap when followed by anti-GD2 immunotherapy, while overall survival was not significantly different at three years. OnCo links it to paediatric neuroblastoma, tandem autologous transplant, autologous stem cell transplant, the Children's Oncology Group and Julie R. Park. Tandem transplant became the North American standard, and whether the added toxicity is justified without a survival benefit, especially where European groups use a single transplant, is the open question.