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The first proof that human brain tumours are driven by a small population of stem-like cells: a hundred cells carrying the CD133 marker could regrow a patient's tumour in a mouse brain while a hundred thousand cells without it could not.
Singh, Dirks and colleagues at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto isolated CD133-positive cells from human medulloblastomas and glioblastomas and transplanted them into the brains of immunodeficient mice. As few as 100 CD133-positive cells produced tumours that reproduced the histology of the patient's original cancer and could be serially transplanted, whereas up to 100,000 CD133-negative cells did not form tumours. The paper established the brain tumour initiating cell and made CD133 the working marker for glioma stem cells.
This paper extended the cancer stem cell model to brain tumours and set up the later finding that these cells resist radiotherapy. It is the basis for treatment strategies aimed at the cells that regrow glioblastoma after surgery and chemoradiation.
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