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Amifostine (Ethyol) is an infusion given just before chemotherapy or radiotherapy to shield the kidneys from cisplatin and the salivary glands from radiation, reducing dry mouth after head and neck treatment.
Amifostine was approved in December 1995 to reduce cumulative renal toxicity from repeated cisplatin in advanced ovarian cancer and in 1999 to reduce moderate to severe xerostomia during post-operative radiotherapy for head and neck cancer when the field includes much of the parotid glands, on randomised trials in each setting. Concern that a radioprotector might also shield tumours, together with nausea, hypotension during infusion and skin reactions, has confined it to selected patients, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy has largely replaced it for salivary sparing. Guidelines (ASCO, MASCC) list it as an option rather than a standard.
Dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase, which is more abundant in normal tissue, to the free thiol WR-1065 that scavenges reactive oxygen species and binds cisplatin metabolites, protecting kidney and salivary tissue.
1.Amifostine slips into a pocket on its target.
| Region | Year | Indication |
|---|---|---|
| US | 1995 | Reduction of cumulative cisplatin renal toxicity in advanced ovarian cancer |
| US | 1999 | Reduction of moderate to severe xerostomia from post-operative radiotherapy for head and neck cancer |
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Query for this drug: (TITLE:"Amifostine" OR ABSTRACT:"Amifostine" OR TITLE:"Ethyol" OR ABSTRACT:"Ethyol" OR TITLE:"WR-2721" OR ABSTRACT:"WR-2721") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Amifostine, not a curated reading list.
Shares Ovarian cancer and the tag supportive.
Shares Radiotherapy roadmap: X-rays → shaped beams → fewer fractions, particles and FLASH, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam) and the tag supportive.
Shares Ovarian cancer and the tag supportive.
Shares Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and the tag supportive.
Shares Dry mouth, teeth and taste after head and neck radiotherapy and the tag supportive.
Shares Radioprotectors and normal-tissue sparing drugs, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam).
Shares Dry mouth, teeth and taste after head and neck radiotherapy, Radiotherapy roadmap: X-rays → shaped beams → fewer fractions, particles and FLASH, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam).
Shares Dry mouth, teeth and taste after head and neck radiotherapy, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam).