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Whether the edge of the removed tissue is free of cancer. R0 means clear under the microscope, R1 means microscopic cancer at the edge, R2 means visible tumour left behind. R0 is what 'complete resection' means.
Margin status is the strongest surgeon-controlled predictor of local recurrence and, in several cancers, of survival. An R1 margin often means further surgery, radiotherapy or, in pancreatic cancer, simply a worse prognosis; R2 resections are palliative. The required width varies: 'no ink on tumour' suffices for invasive breast cancer, 1 mm for the circumferential margin in rectal cancer, 1-2 cm for melanoma. Neoadjuvant therapy is often justified by its ability to raise the R0 rate, as with daraxonrasib in pancreatic cancer.
Most cancers start in the ducts and drain first to the axillary nodes, which is why the armpit is checked and a sentinel node is sampled.
Same organ: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, Male breast cancer, Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), High-risk early HR-positive breast cancer, HR-positive metastatic breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitors, HER2-low and HER2-ultralow metastatic breast cancer, Early HER2-positive breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases, Early triple-negative breast cancer, Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, Basal-like 1 triple-negative breast cancer (BL1), Basal-like 2 triple-negative breast cancer (BL2), Mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer (M), Mesenchymal stem-like triple-negative breast cancer (MSL), Luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer (LAR), Immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer (IM), Metaplastic breast carcinoma, Carcinoma with medullary pattern (medullary breast cancer), Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, Apocrine carcinoma of the breast, Secretory carcinoma of the breast, BRCA-associated triple-negative breast cancer, Inflammatory breast cancer, Paget disease of the nipple, Phyllodes tumour of the breast, Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (invasive ductal carcinoma), Tubular carcinoma of the breast, Mucinous carcinoma of the breast, Papillary carcinomas of the breast (encapsulated, solid and invasive papillary), Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast, Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast, Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast, Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Showing the organ this term concerns: Breast cancer (all types).
Shares EORTC 22881-10882 (boost against no boost), Tumour bed boost, Breast conservation or mastectomy, NSABP B-06.
Shares The growth pattern on a basal cell carcinoma report: nodular, superficial, infiltrative, basosquamous, Extranodal extension (ENE), What makes a skin cancer high risk: the UK feature lists, Perineural invasion (PNI).
Shares R0 and R1 margins in pancreatic cancer: the 1 mm rule and standardised specimen reporting, Resectable, borderline resectable and unresectable, Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), Borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Shares The margin in skin cancer surgery, Wide local excision, Mohs surgery, Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares What makes a skin cancer high risk: the UK feature lists, Wide local excision, Mohs surgery, Perineural invasion (PNI).
Shares Distal pancreatectomy (removal of the body and tail of the pancreas, usually with the spleen), Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas, Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with associated invasive carcinoma (MCN-associated carcinoma), Invasive carcinoma arising in an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN-associated carcinoma).
Shares Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast-like giant cells, Adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas, Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas with associated invasive carcinoma (MCN-associated carcinoma), Invasive carcinoma arising in an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN-associated carcinoma).
Shares Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Versus Immediate Surgery for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Results of the Dutch Randomized Phase III PREOPANC Trial, Chemotherapy before surgery for every resectable pancreatic cancer, settled by the two perioperative trials rather than assumed, Resectable, borderline resectable and unresectable, Borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.