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Gallbladder tumours from the United States and Chile carried the same set of mutated genes but very different immune cell make-up, which may bear on why immunotherapy helps only modestly and on how trials should be designed across regions.
Targeted next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry on two gallbladder cancer cohorts, from the United States (60) and Chile (62). Mutations in TP53, SMAD4, KRAS, PIK3CA, ARID2, ARID1A, ATM, FBXW7, ERBB2 and NF1 and amplifications of ERBB2, CCNE1, MDM2/CDK4 and CCND1 were found in both. Immune profiles differed: the Latin American cohort had higher densities of CD4-associated markers and PD-1 and lower CD68 macrophage density. Clustering suggested immune subgroups independent of mutations, and multiplexed single-cell imaging identified low CD4 with high VISTA as a candidate marker pair for poor outcome. The authors describe gallbladder cancer as an understudied disease and stress sensitivity to geography in therapeutic development.
Evidence that the immune environment of gallbladder cancer differs by population even when the mutations do not; a reason to report gallbladder cancer and its regions separately in immunotherapy trials rather than as one biliary subgroup.
Shares A burden-to-funding audit for gallbladder cancer and a dedicated research call, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Rare and paediatric cancers without markets, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, TP53, HER2, Comprehensive genomic profiling and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares A burden-to-funding audit for gallbladder cancer and a dedicated research call, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Rare and paediatric cancers without markets, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Report gallbladder cancer as its own population in every biliary trial, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, HER2, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Report gallbladder cancer as its own population in every biliary trial, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.