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Pooling more than a thousand cases, people with signs of past or chronic typhoid infection were four to five times more likely to have gallbladder cancer, though the bacterium itself was not recovered from the Chilean patients studied.
In Chile, where typhoid was endemic until the 1990s, 39 gallbladder cancer cases, 40 gallstone controls and 39 population controls were tested for Salmonella Typhi Vi antibodies, with culture and quantitative PCR on available bile, stone, tissue and stool. Cases were more likely to have high Vi titres (odds ratio 4.0, 95 percent CI 0.9 to 18.3), but S. Typhi was not recovered from any sample. A meta-analysis combining these with previous studies (over 1,000 cases) gave a summary relative risk of 4.6 (3.1 to 6.8) for anti-Vi antibodies and 5.0 (2.7 to 9.3) for bile or stool culture. The mechanism remains to be established.
Typhoid carriage is one of the few modifiable risk factors for gallbladder cancer. In the UK it is rare, but it matters for people who grew up where typhoid is endemic and for the question of whether chronic carriers should be offered cholecystectomy.
Shares Prophylactic (preventive) cholecystectomy, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Inflammation, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Prophylactic (preventive) cholecystectomy, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Prophylactic (preventive) cholecystectomy, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Prophylactic (preventive) cholecystectomy, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Prophylactic (preventive) cholecystectomy, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Prophylactic (preventive) cholecystectomy, Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.
Shares Gallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trials, Gallbladder cancer and the tag gallbladder-evidence.