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As results come in, the trial sends more new patients to the arms that are working and fewer to those that are not, so more people benefit and bad arms die faster.
Multi-armed bandit and Bayesian response-adaptive randomisation, used in I-SPY 2 and in the REMAP-CAP platform during COVID-19, allocate patients towards the arms that are performing best while maintaining control of false positives. With ten or more combination arms, adaptive allocation shortens time to identify winners and reduces the number of patients on futile arms. Regulators accept these designs with pre-specified simulation of operating characteristics.
Shares Pre-surgery platform trials that test combinations on pathological response in months, Combination Cancer Therapy Can Confer Benefit via Patient-to-Patient Variability without Drug Additivity or Synergy, Too many combinations to test.
Shares Basket, umbrella, and platform trials, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on, Too many combinations to test, Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Basket, umbrella, and platform trials, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on, Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Basket, umbrella, and platform trials, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on, Too many combinations to test.
Shares Basket, umbrella, and platform trials, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on, Too many combinations to test, Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Combination Cancer Therapy Can Confer Benefit via Patient-to-Patient Variability without Drug Additivity or Synergy, Basket, umbrella, and platform trials, Too many combinations to test.
Shares Basket, umbrella, and platform trials, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on, Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Combination Cancer Therapy Can Confer Benefit via Patient-to-Patient Variability without Drug Additivity or Synergy, Too many combinations to test.