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The receptor that macrophages depend on; blocking it shrinks tenosynovial giant cell tumour (a CSF1-driven tumour) and depletes tumour-supporting macrophages, though the latter has not yet helped patients with common cancers. This dossier gathers the 4 products (2 approved), 12 trials, 7 pathways and 0 resistance routes in the corpus that involve it, with external identifiers so it can be joined to UniProt, ChEMBL, Open Targets and the rest of biology.
Type III receptor tyrosine kinase for CSF1 and IL-34; controls differentiation, survival and function of monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts and microglia.
Approximate, population-level figures; the measure column says what was counted. Ranges show the midpoint as a bar.
| Modality | Approved | Phase 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Small molecule 3 | ||
| Antibody 1 | - |
| Trial | Setting | Result | Products | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Active | Multicenter, Single Arm Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Pexidartinib in Adult Subjects With Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor | - | ||
SANET-ep and SANET-p NCT02588170 | 3 | Positive | Progressive extra-pancreatic (n=198) and pancreatic (n=172) NETs: surufatinib vs placebo (China) | PFS HR 0.33 (ep), 0.49 (p). | |
ENLIVEN NCT02371369 | 3 | Positive | Symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumour not amenable to surgery: pexidartinib versus placebo | Week 25 RECIST response 39% vs 0% (placebo); FDA approval 2019 with a liver-toxicity REMS. | |
| 3 | Active | An Open Label, Multicenter Extension Study in Patients Previously Enrolled in a Genentech and/or F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Sponsored Atezolizumab Study (IMbrella B) | - | ||
| 3 | Recruiting | A Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Chiauranib Plus Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients with Platinum-refractory or Platinum-resistant Recurrent Ovarian Cancer | - | ||
| 3 | Active | A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Emactuzumab vs. Placebo in Subjects With Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumour | - | ||
| 2/3 | Recruiting | A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, Phase II/III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Surufatinib Combined With Camrelizumab, Nab-paclitaxel, and Gemcitabine Versus Nab-paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine as the First-line Treatment in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer | - | ||
| 2 | Planned | A Single-arm, Open-label, Prospective Clinical Study of Surufatinib Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer. | - | ||
| 2 | Recruiting | Phase Ⅱ Clinical Study of Surufatinib Combined With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Plus Durvalumab/Pembrolizumab Regimen in the Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer | - | ||
| 2 | Planned | Surufatinib and Serplulimab Combined With AG Regimen Compare With AG Regimen as Conversion Therapy for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer : a Phase II Randomized Controlled PILOT Study (SAGE) | - | ||
| 2 | Planned | Surufatinib Combined With Serplulimab and Standard Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors With Neuroendocrine Differentiation: A Single-arm, Multi-cohort, Open-label, Single-center, Prospective, Exploratory Clinical Study | - | ||
| 2 | Planned | Neoadjuvant Therapy With Surufatinib Combined With mFOLFIRINOX and Toripalimab for High-risk or Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase II, Single-arm, Single-center Study | - |
No recorded escape route names this target.
Tumours come in three immune weathers: inflamed (T cells inside, checkpoint drugs work), excluded (T cells stuck at the edge), and desert (no T cells at all). Most common cancers are excluded or desert, and turning them 'hot' is the central problem of immunotherapy.
Which nodes have drugs →Complement is a cascade of blood proteins that punches holes in things marked by antibodies and calls in inflammatory cells. Therapeutic antibodies such as rituximab use it to kill cancer cells; tumours defend themselves with shields (CD46, CD55, CD59), and the cascade's own by-products (C5a) can recruit the myeloid cells that protect the tumour.
Which nodes have drugs →Getting into the bloodstream kills almost every cell that tries: cells are ripped from their neighbours, battered by flow, and hunted by NK cells. Fewer than one in a thousand survive. The ones that do travel in clusters, wear a cloak of platelets, or ride with neutrophils. Liquid biopsies catch what is left.
Which nodes have drugs →Tumours recruit the body's clean-up cells (macrophages and immature myeloid cells) and re-train them as bodyguards. They switch off T cells, build vessels, and, when a therapeutic antibody flags a cancer cell for eating, are told 'don't eat me' by CD47 on its surface.
Which nodes have drugs →Tumours and immune cells eat from the same plate. Cancer cells hoard glucose and glutamine, dump lactate and acid, and burn tryptophan and arginine into by-products that paralyse T cells. The tumour wins the food fight, and the immune system loses before it has fired a shot.
Which nodes have drugs →A tumour cannot grow beyond a couple of millimetres without its own blood supply. The 'switch' flips when the signals calling for new vessels (VEGF, FGF, angiopoietin) outweigh the ones holding them back (thrombospondin). The vessels that result are leaky and chaotic, which starves the tumour of oxygen, blocks drugs, and gives cancer cells a way out.
Which nodes have drugs →Before a single cancer cell arrives, the primary tumour sends parcels ahead: tiny vesicles (exosomes) and hormones that recruit bone-marrow cells to a distant organ and remodel it into fertile soil. By the time the seed lands, the bed is already made.
Which nodes have drugs →No companion diagnostic in the registry measures this target.
No model entry for this target yet; check the cancer entries on the models page.
No open questions recorded for this target yet. Suggest one.
Query for this target: (TITLE:"CSF1R" OR ABSTRACT:"CSF1R") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about CSF1R, not a curated reading list.
The dossier as machine-readable JSON, at /api/v1/dossiers/csf1r.json: identifiers from HGNC, Ensembl, UniProt and ChEMBL, products with status, trials, pathways, hotspots, open questions and assays. The full entity record is in the open API at /api/v1/entities/csf1r.json. Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.