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7 treatment settings, 5 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Contrast CT or MRI, somatostatin receptor PET, biopsy with Ki-67 grading, chromogranin A, hormone assays where a syndrome is suspected, and germline testing.
A PET scan using a radioactive hormone mimic that lights up neuroendocrine tumours and shows whether the matching radioactive treatment will work.
The PET scan for neuroendocrine tumours that finds far more disease than older scans and confirms eligibility for lutetium radioligand therapy (the theranostic pair).
A test of the DNA you were born with, to find inherited risk genes such as BRCA or Lynch syndrome.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Enucleation or distal pancreatectomy for small tumours, Whipple procedure for tumours in the head, lymphadenectomy for tumours over two centimetres; surveillance for small non-functioning tumours.
Surgeons operate through small incisions using robotic arms with tremor-free precision and 3D vision.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Surgery for insulinoma with diazoxide or everolimus to control hypoglycaemia beforehand; high-dose proton-pump inhibitors and resection for gastrinoma; somatostatin analogues for glucagonoma and VIPoma.
Monthly injections of a synthetic hormone that both quiets tumour hormone symptoms and slows tumour growth, the first treatment for most neuroendocrine tumours.
An mTOR-blocking pill that doubled progression-free time with exemestane in 2012 and is now paired with the oral SERD giredestrant.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Lanreotide or octreotide (CLARINET); lutetium-177 dotatate first line for grade 2 to 3 tumours with a Ki-67 of 10 percent or more (NETTER-2); CAPTEM when shrinkage is needed.
Monthly injections of a synthetic hormone that both quiets tumour hormone symptoms and slows tumour growth, the first treatment for most neuroendocrine tumours.
Lutetium-177 dotatate was the first modern radioligand therapy (2018), for neuroendocrine tumours, and is now used in first line.
A radioactive version of the hormone mimic used for the scan; it homes to neuroendocrine tumour cells and irradiates them from inside.
CAPTEM (capecitabine plus temozolomide) is an all-oral chemotherapy pair that shrinks pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in about a third of patients.
PFS HR 0.47.
No headline result recorded yet.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Lymphopenia · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 44% |
| GGT increased · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 20% |
| Vomiting · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 7% |
| Nausea · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 5% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Lutetium-177 dotatate; everolimus (RADIANT-3); sunitinib; cabozantinib (CABINET); CAPTEM or streptozocin-based chemotherapy.
Lutetium-177 dotatate was the first modern radioligand therapy (2018), for neuroendocrine tumours, and is now used in first line.
An mTOR-blocking pill that doubled progression-free time with exemestane in 2012 and is now paired with the oral SERD giredestrant.
Sunitinib is an anti-angiogenic pill approved for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, kidney cancer and GIST.
A pill that blocks both blood-vessel growth and the MET escape pathway, used in kidney, liver, thyroid and, since 2025, neuroendocrine cancers.
CAPTEM (capecitabine plus temozolomide) is an all-oral chemotherapy pair that shrinks pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in about a third of patients.
Streptozocin is a chemotherapy drug that seeks out pancreatic islet cells, approved in 1982 for the rare tumours that arise from them; the same selectivity makes it the standard way to induce diabetes in laboratory animals.
PFS HR 0.35 (pNET) and 0.48 (lung/GI).
PFS HR 0.23 (pNET), 0.38 (epNET).
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Lymphopenia · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 44% |
| GGT increased · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 20% |
| Vomiting · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 7% |
| Nausea · NETTER-1; grade 3-4 rates | - | 5% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Resection, thermal ablation, chemoembolisation or radioembolisation, alongside systemic therapy.
Thermal ablation kills a tumour with heat or cold delivered through a needle, with no incision required.
A catheter threaded into the artery feeding a liver tumour delivers chemotherapy and then blocks the vessel, starving the tumour from inside.
Millions of tiny radioactive glass or resin beads are injected into the liver artery, lodging in the tumour and irradiating it from within.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Belzutifan for tumours not requiring immediate surgery (approved 2021).
Belzutifan is the first HIF-2α inhibitor, born from Nobel-winning biology, and is now approved after kidney cancer surgery with pembrolizumab.
No headline result recorded yet.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.