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Beyond the generic TNM system, gynaecological cancers (FIGO), lymphoma (Ann Arbor, IPI), myeloma (R-ISS), AML (ELN), kidney cancer (IMDC), neuroblastoma (INRG) and CLL (Rai, Binet) each have their own system that combines stage, blood tests, genetics and fitness into risk groups. The name on the report tells you which rulebook sets the treatment intensity.
FIGO stages gynaecological cancers (with the 2023 endometrial revision adding molecular class). Ann Arbor/Lugano stages lymphoma and the IPI adds age, LDH, performance status and extranodal sites; R-ISS and R2-ISS combine stage, LDH and cytogenetics in myeloma; ELN 2022 assigns AML to favourable, intermediate or adverse genetic risk that decides transplant; IMDC (Heng) criteria stratify metastatic kidney cancer and select immunotherapy doublets; INRG and COG groups stratify neuroblastoma; Rai and Binet stage CLL. Each maps to a treatment intensity, is the basis of trial eligibility and stratification, and is periodically revised as new markers (ctDNA, MRD, gene expression) prove more predictive.
Shares AJCC stage (TNM staging manual), TNM staging for prostate cancer, and what changed in the 9th edition, TNM staging.
Shares Cambridge Prognostic Group (CPG 1 to 5), TNM staging for prostate cancer, and what changed in the 9th edition, TNM staging.
Shares Lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, Cytogenetics and karyotype, Higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.
Shares Low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 0 to 6), High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 7 or more, including ultra-high-risk).
Shares Lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, Cytogenetics and karyotype, Higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.
Shares Cambridge Prognostic Group (CPG 1 to 5), TNM staging for prostate cancer, and what changed in the 9th edition, Gleason score / Grade Group.
Shares Thymic carcinoma, Thymoma (WHO types A, AB, B1, B2 and B3).
Shares Thymic carcinoma, Thymoma (WHO types A, AB, B1, B2 and B3).