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A 50-gene test that sorts breast cancers into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like.
PAM50 is a 50-gene expression test that sorts breast cancers into the intrinsic subtypes luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched and basal-like. It derives from the molecular portraits of Perou and Sørlie and is commercialised as Prosigna. Basal-like largely overlaps with Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HER2-enriched predicts response to HER2 blockade regardless of IHC, and the luminal subtypes matter for HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer. The test depends on RNA sequencing & expression profiling and is referenced by the TCGA Pan-Cancer Atlas paper, the organ tropism pathway on seed and soil, and an idea on omitting radiotherapy for very low-risk breast cancer. Institutions associated with it include UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and SOLTI Cancer Research Group.
Showing the technology this term belongs to: RNA sequencing & expression profiling.
HER2-low is a drug eligibility label, not a biological subtype, in triple-negative disease; because a third of patients qualify for trastuzumab deruxtecan on a score pathologists disagree about, re-scoring and digital assistance for HER2 0 versus 1+ is a practical gap.
Cancers are defined as much by the tissue they come from as by the mutations they carry, which is why the same drug can work in one organ and fail in another with the same mutation. TCGA is the shared public dataset behind most modern biomarkers and target discovery.
This is the sourced bridge between expression subtype and mutation: it tells a clinician that a LAR tumour is the one to sequence for PIK3CA and AKT1, and that immunomodulatory biology is a favourable prognostic group before any immunotherapy.
The excess of triple-negative disease in women of African ancestry is substantially genetic in origin rather than only social, which supports ancestry-aware risk models and trial enrolment.
This is the reference frequency table for basal-like disease: it explains why PARP inhibitors and platinum, borrowed from ovarian cancer, work in TNBC, and why the PI3K pathway is broken by copy number rather than the hotspot mutations that drugs were designed against.
One term page on OnCo cites this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing page listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.
The molecular bridge between germline BRCA1 and triple-negative breast cancer; it is why every triple-negative patient under 60 is now offered germline testing and why PARP inhibitors were tried in this disease first.
The first evidence that the basal-like group is not just biologically distinct but clinically dangerous, the observation that triple-negative outcome studies of 2007 confirmed in the clinic.
Shares Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications, Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets, Molecular portraits of human breast tumours, Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.
Shares SOLTI Cancer Research Group, Clinical, pathological, and PAM50 gene expression features of HER2-low breast cancer, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona / IDIBAPS, RNA sequencing & expression profiling.
Shares Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre / CRUK Cambridge Institute, RNA sequencing & expression profiling, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer.
Shares Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Shares Androgen receptor, RNA sequencing & expression profiling, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Shares Clinical, pathological, and PAM50 gene expression features of HER2-low breast cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer.
Shares DNAJC12, Breast cancer (all types), Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancer.
Shares Androgen receptor, RNA sequencing & expression profiling, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).