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A single spelling change in the BRAF gene that jams a growth switch permanently on. It is found in half of melanomas and in some colon, thyroid, lung and brain tumours, and is treated with a BRAF pill plus a MEK pill.
V600E (valine to glutamate at position 600) is the commonest BRAF mutation; class II and III mutations behave differently and resist the same drugs. Dabrafenib-trametinib, encorafenib-binimetinib and vemurafenib-cobimetinib treat metastatic and adjuvant melanoma, with immunotherapy usually given first in metastatic disease (DREAMseq). Encorafenib-cetuximab treats BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (BEACON), dabrafenib-trametinib has a tumour-agnostic approval including glioma and thyroid cancer, and the combination has moved into paediatric low-grade glioma. BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer is aggressive and often overlaps with MSI-high sporadic tumours.
In plain words · BRAF is a signalling kinase mutated in half of melanomas; blocking it with two drugs at once became a template for targeted therapy.
Showing the target this term concerns: BRAF.
The glossary entry explains the word; the readout page carries the scoring rule, the thresholds approvals use, the companion diagnostics and the tests.
Shares BRF113928 cohort C (dabrafenib with trametinib, untreated BRAF V600E), TADPOLE (CDRB436G2201), PHAROS, Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ).
Shares Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ), Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (with or without risk-organ involvement), Erdheim-Chester disease, BRAF V600E (and V600K).
Shares PHAROS, BRAF V600E (and V600K), BRAF V600E-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer, BRAF V600-mutant melanoma.
Shares Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ), Erdheim-Chester disease, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms, Driver mutation.
Shares Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ), Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (with or without risk-organ involvement), Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms, Vemurafenib.
Shares BRAF class II and class III mutations (non-V600), BRAF V600E (and V600K), BRAF, Colorectal cancer.
Shares Vemurafenib, BRAF V600-mutant melanoma, BRAF, Melanoma.
Shares Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ), Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (with or without risk-organ involvement), Erdheim-Chester disease, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms.