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Discovered PD-L1 (B7-H1) and showed tumours use it to escape immunity, the biology behind every anti-PD-1 drug.
Lieping Chen (Yale) identified B7-H1, later named PD-L1, in 1999, showed in 2002 that tumours express it to kill or disable T cells and that blocking it restores anti-tumour immunity, and initiated the first anti-PD-1/PD-L1 clinical trials with Johns Hopkins colleagues. He received the Warren Alpert Prize with Honjo, Freeman and Sharpe and continues to discover normalisation-cancer-immunotherapy targets such as Siglec-15.
This study is why PD-1 inhibitors were developed across cancers rather than in melanoma alone: unexpected activity in lung cancer, historically thought immune-resistant, changed drug development priorities industry-wide. It also introduced PD-L1 immunohistochemistry as a candidate biomarker and pneumonitis as a signature toxicity. Within five years PD-1 blockade was approved in more than ten cancers.
Tumours hide from T cells by displaying PD-L1; blocking that interaction lets the immune system attack. This is the mechanism of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab and their relatives, which now treat more than 20 cancer types.
Shares Topalian 2012: the first large trial of a PD-1 antibody shows durable responses across melanoma, lung and kidney cancer, PD-L1, PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tags immunotherapy, discovery.
Shares PD-L1, PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tag immunotherapy.
Shares Iwai and Honjo: tumours use PD-L1 to escape T cells, and blocking it restores attack, Topalian 2012: the first large trial of a PD-1 antibody shows durable responses across melanoma, lung and kidney cancer, PD-L1, PD-1.
Shares PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tag immunotherapy.
Shares PD-L1, PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tag immunotherapy.
Shares PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tag immunotherapy.
Shares PD-1, Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the tag immunotherapy.