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Adding drugs to the catheter procedure keeps intermediate-stage liver cancer under control for longer, though a survival gain is still unproven.
This combination adds immune checkpoint inhibitors, with or without anti-VEGF therapy, to transarterial chemoembolisation for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. TACE releases tumour antigen and induces hypoxia-driven VEGF; PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade exploits the former and anti-angiogenic therapy counters the latter. Three phase 3 trials, EMERALD-1, LEAP-012 and EMERALD-3, all improved progression-free survival, but LEAP-012's final overall survival analysis and EMERALD-1's non-significant trend leave the survival question open. Toxicity roughly doubles with the added drugs, so the trade-off is longer disease control against more side effects without a proven gain in survival.
Shares Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE), Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B), Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Shares Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE), Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B), Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Shares EMERALD-1, Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE), Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B), Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Shares LEAP-012, Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B).
Shares EMERALD-1, Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B).
Shares Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B), Anti-angiogenic therapy, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B), Anti-angiogenic therapy, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Shares Intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC B), Hepatocellular carcinoma.