Trials usually study one treatment at a time, so nobody knows the best order. Deciding the next step in advance, by lottery, answers the sequencing question at little extra cost.
Sequencing questions are almost never answered because patients leave the trial at progression. A pre-randomised design assigns the second-line option at the time of first-line enrolment, keeps patients within the protocol at progression, and collects the progression biopsy. Total sample size increases modestly, but the design yields a real strategy comparison rather than isolated line-by-line results.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.
Shares Overall survival (OS), Trial design, endpoints and cost.