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9 treatment settings, 7 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Induction chemo → surgery → tandem transplant → RT → anti-GD2 + isotretinoin; lorlatinib if ALK-mutant.
An ALK inhibitor with the longest disease control ever recorded for a targeted lung cancer pill: 60% progression-free at five years.
Lab-made immune proteins that lock onto one target, either blocking it or flagging the cell for destruction.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Observation with serial imaging for asymptomatic L1/MS (many regress); surgery alone for resectable L1; short chemotherapy only for symptoms or progression.
Ultrasound uses sound waves to make live pictures; it is cheap, safe, and used to guide needles into lumps.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
2-8 cycles of moderate chemotherapy (carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) guided by response and biology; surgery; isotretinoin in some protocols.
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
Cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs (platinums, antimetabolites, microtubule agents and topoisomerase inhibitors) kill rapidly dividing cells by damaging DNA or the mitotic spindle. They still cure testicular cancer, lymphoma and leukaemia, and they are the warhead inside antibody-drug conjugates, but a narrow margin between effective and toxic doses is their limitation.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
5-6 cycles (COG: topotecan-cyclophosphamide × 2 then cisplatin-etoposide, cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine; SIOPEN: rapid COJEC); stem-cell harvest; ANBL1531 adds 131I-MIBG (randomised) or lorlatinib (ALK); ANBL17P1 adds dinutuximab to induction.
High-dose radioactive MIBG delivers radiation from inside neuroblastoma cells that take up noradrenaline; used for relapsed disease and tested in upfront therapy. A branded high-specific-activity form, Azedra, was approved for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in 2018 and discontinued in 2024.
An ALK inhibitor with the longest disease control ever recorded for a targeted lung cancer pill: 60% progression-free at five years.
The antibody that raised cure rates in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma by about 20 points when given after transplant with immune boosters and retinoid.
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
No headline result recorded yet.
No patient had unacceptable toxicity and none was a feasibility failure over the first five induction cycles with dinutuximab and GM-CSF added.
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Surgical resection of primary after induction (gross total where safe); external-beam radiotherapy 21.6 Gy to primary site (boost to residual) and MIBG-avid metastatic sites; proton therapy where available.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Tandem autologous transplant (thiotepa-cyclophosphamide, then CEM) in North America (ANBL0532); single busulfan-melphalan transplant in Europe (HR-NBL1).
Tandem transplant gives two back-to-back rounds of marrow-destroying chemotherapy, each rescued with the child's own stored stem cells, for high-risk neuroblastoma in North America. It kept more children relapse-free than one transplant in a randomised trial, but adds organ toxicity and hearing loss.
Autologous stem cell transplant collects the patient's own blood-forming stem cells, gives melphalan or another chemotherapy at a dose that would otherwise destroy the marrow, then returns the cells to rebuild it. It is standard consolidation in myeloma and for relapsed lymphoma, though CAR-T has displaced it in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
BuMel > CEM (EFS 50% vs 38%); IL-2 adds no benefit to anti-GD2.
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Anti-GD2 antibody (dinutuximab + GM-CSF + isotretinoin; dinutuximab beta in Europe, no IL-2) × 5-6 cycles; then eflornithine maintenance 2 years (US, 2023).
The antibody that raised cure rates in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma by about 20 points when given after transplant with immune boosters and retinoid.
Eflornithine (DFMO) is an old sleeping-sickness drug repurposed as the first oral maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma, approved in December 2023 to reduce relapse after immunotherapy.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
EFS HR 0.48 vs external control.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
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Irinotecan-temozolomide + dinutuximab or naxitamab (ANBL1221); naxitamab + GM-CSF for marrow/bone disease; 131I-MIBG for MIBG-avid disease; lorlatinib for ALK; GD2 CAR-T (Italy, trials); DFMO-based maintenance; palliative radiotherapy.
The antibody that raised cure rates in high-risk childhood neuroblastoma by about 20 points when given after transplant with immune boosters and retinoid.
Naxitamab is a humanised anti-GD2 antibody from Memorial Sloan Kettering, given as an outpatient with GM-CSF for relapsed neuroblastoma in bone or marrow.
High-dose radioactive MIBG delivers radiation from inside neuroblastoma cells that take up noradrenaline; used for relapsed disease and tested in upfront therapy. A branded high-specific-activity form, Azedra, was approved for phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in 2018 and discontinued in 2024.
An ALK inhibitor with the longest disease control ever recorded for a targeted lung cancer pill: 60% progression-free at five years.
ORR 50%.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Audiology (platinum, DFMO), endocrine and fertility follow-up, cardiac surveillance (anthracycline), second-malignancy screening, neurocognitive support; lifelong late-effects clinic.
Cardio-oncology builds heart risk assessment, monitoring and prevention into cancer care so patients can finish curative treatment without trading cancer for heart failure. It targets anthracycline and trastuzumab damage, checkpoint-inhibitor myocarditis and radiation heart disease using echocardiography, troponin tests and protective drugs; specialist clinics are concentrated in large centres.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.