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The two trials that made immunotherapy, alone or with chemotherapy, the first treatment for most advanced lung cancers.
KEYNOTE-024 (305 patients, TPS ≥50%): 5-year OS 31.9% vs 16.3% with chemotherapy. KEYNOTE-189 (616 patients): 5-year OS 19.4% vs 11.3%. Together with KEYNOTE-407 (squamous) they define first-line care for driver-negative disease and are the control arms every new agent (ivonescimab, ADC combinations) must beat.
Numbers are from the trial as recorded here; see the source links in the table below. This is orientation, not medical advice: ask your team how closely the trial population matches you.
921 enrolled.
Step lines join published landmark estimates; the true curve between them is not shown.
| Endpoint | Arm | n | Value | HR (95% CI) | p | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KEYNOTE-024: overall survival at 5 years, PD-L1 ≥50%primary | Pembrolizumab | 154 | 31.9% | 0.62 (0.48 to 0.81) | - | link |
| Chemotherapy | 151 | 16.3% | ||||
| KEYNOTE-189: overall survival, non-squamousprimary | Pembrolizumab + chemotherapy | 410 | 22 months | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.72) | - | link |
| Placebo + chemotherapy | 206 | 10.6 months |
A second publication from the KEYNOTE-024 trial, later than the first and described in its title as an update or longer-term analysis. Read it with the primary publication linked from the trial page; the record was linked automatically and its figures have not been checked by hand.
This trial is why PD-L1 is measured on every new advanced lung cancer and why a patient with a high score can start immunotherapy without chemotherapy. Together with KEYNOTE-189 for the rest of the population, it moved checkpoint inhibitors from second-line rescue to the first treatment most lung cancer patients receive.
Shares IMpower110, Confirm ultra-low-dose immunotherapy so it can be afforded where most patients live, Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer without a driver mutation.
Shares KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab alone beats chemotherapy in PD-L1-high lung cancer, Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer without a driver mutation, PD-L1.
Shares KEYNOTE-024: pembrolizumab alone beats chemotherapy in PD-L1-high lung cancer, Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer without a driver mutation, No one can predict who responds to immunotherapy.
Shares KEYNOTE-010, Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-L1, PD-1.
Shares IMpower110, Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer without a driver mutation, PD-L1.
Shares Confirm ultra-low-dose immunotherapy so it can be afforded where most patients live, PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer without a driver mutation, Lung cancer (all types), Pembrolizumab.
Shares Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-L1, Merck & Co. (MSD), PD-1.
Shares CheckMate 026, Tumour proportion score (TPS), PD-1, Lung cancer (all types).