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Antibodies engineered to bind three things at once, for example a tumour antigen, a T-cell activator and a co-stimulatory signal, to make a stronger or more selective immune attack.
Trispecific antibodies extend the bispecific T-cell engager concept with a third binding arm: a co-stimulatory receptor such as CD28 to strengthen T-cell activation, a second tumour antigen to prevent escape, or a half-life-extending domain. Early trials in myeloma, lymphoma and solid tumours are under way, and the format is also used in NK cell engagers. Complexity in manufacturing and the risk of excessive activation are the main challenges.
Three binding domains are assembled on one engineered antibody scaffold so that binding to the tumour cell clusters two immune signals on the same effector cell.
Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Trispecific antibodies" OR ABSTRACT:"Trispecific antibodies") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Trispecific antibodies, not a curated reading list.