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Immunodeficient mice given a human immune system from stem cells, so human immunotherapies and CAR-T cells can be tested against human tumours in a living animal.
Immunodeficient strains such as NSG and NOG accept human cells. Engrafting human CD34-positive haematopoietic stem cells or peripheral blood cells gives the mice a partly human immune system, which allows patient-derived tumours to be studied with human checkpoint inhibitors, bispecifics and cell therapies. Incomplete immune development, graft-versus-host disease with mature cells and high cost limit their use, and newer strains express human cytokines to improve myeloid and NK cell reconstitution.
Immunodeficient mice are irradiated and engrafted with human haematopoietic stem cells or lymphocytes, then implanted with human tumour cells or patient-derived xenografts.
Query for this technology: (TITLE:"Humanised mouse models" OR ABSTRACT:"Humanised mouse models") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about Humanised mouse models, not a curated reading list.