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An international consortium reconciled six competing gene-expression classifications of colorectal cancer into four consensus subtypes, from immune-active microsatellite-unstable tumours to mesenchymal tumours with the worst outlook.
Analysis of gene expression data from 4,151 colorectal cancers across 18 datasets by the Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium, producing four consensus molecular subtypes: CMS1 (microsatellite instability, immune), CMS2 (canonical, WNT and MYC), CMS3 (metabolic, KRAS-enriched) and CMS4 (mesenchymal, stromal, worst survival), with about 13 percent of tumours unclassified.
The CMS framework organises colorectal cancer biology and trial stratification; BRAF V600E tumours cluster in CMS1, and CMS4's shorter survival and stromal signalling are targets of ongoing research.
Shares TGFB1, Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), TGF-β signalling, Fibroblast activation, desmoplasia & matrix stiffness.
Shares Sidedness (left vs right colon), Mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR).
Shares Sidedness (left vs right colon), Mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR).
Shares Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), Sidedness (left vs right colon), BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR).
Shares TGF-β signalling, Mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), Mismatch repair & microsatellite instability, Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR).
Shares Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), Sidedness (left vs right colon), BRAF, KRAS.
Shares Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), Fibroblast activation, desmoplasia & matrix stiffness, RNA sequencing & expression profiling, Colorectal cancer.
Shares Sidedness (left vs right colon), Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), KRAS, Colorectal cancer.