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People with HIV whose lymphoma had relapsed did as well after high-dose chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant as matched HIV-negative patients, with 87 percent alive at one year.
Single-arm phase 2 trial of the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network and AIDS Malignancy Consortium: 43 HIV-infected patients with chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed or persistent aggressive B-cell or Hodgkin lymphoma were enrolled and 40 underwent autologous transplant after BEAM conditioning with consistent peri-transplant antiretroviral management.
At a median follow-up of 24.8 months one- and two-year overall survival were 87.3 and 82 percent, two-year progression-free survival 79.8 percent and one-year transplant-related mortality 5.2 percent; neutrophil and platelet recovery took 11 and 18 days; outcomes did not differ from 151 matched registry controls.
HIV infection is not a reason to withhold autologous transplant from patients with relapsed lymphoma who meet standard transplant criteria.