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4 treatment settings, 2 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Gross total resection with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; complete removal is usually curative and needs no adjuvant treatment.
MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves, with no ionising radiation, to picture soft tissue in finer contrast than CT, so it is the standard scan for brain tumours, prostate, rectal cancer staging, liver lesions and breast screening in high-risk women. It is slow, expensive and blurred by movement.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Focal radiotherapy with intensity-modulated or proton techniques; temozolomide for high-grade astrocytoma by extrapolation.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
The only chemotherapy proven to extend life in glioblastoma, given during and after radiation. It works best when the tumour has switched off a repair gene called MGMT.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Belzutifan, the HIF-2 alpha inhibitor approved for VHL-associated central nervous system haemangioblastomas, with surveillance imaging.
Belzutifan is the first HIF-2α inhibitor, born from Nobel-winning biology, and is now approved after kidney cancer surgery with pembrolizumab.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Resection when symptomatic or growing; radiosurgery for residual or recurrent tumour where the cord dose allows; observation for small asymptomatic lesions.
A single very high dose, or a few doses, aimed at a small brain or spine target with millimetre precision, replacing whole-brain radiotherapy for most brain metastases.
For low-risk prostate cancer, monitoring with PSA, MRI, and repeat biopsy instead of treating, because most such cancers never cause harm.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.