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6 treatment settings, 6 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Maximal safe resection with awake or functional mapping where needed; integrated histological and molecular diagnosis (IDH, 1p/19q, ATRX, CDKN2A/B, methylation class).
Reading chemical tags on DNA that reveal a cell's identity, used to classify brain tumours and to detect cancer in blood.
MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves, with no ionising radiation, to picture soft tissue in finer contrast than CT, so it is the standard scan for brain tumours, prostate, rectal cancer staging, liver lesions and breast screening in high-risk women. It is slow, expensive and blurred by movement.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
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Observation with serial MRI, or vorasidenib for grade 2 tumours not needing immediate radiotherapy or chemotherapy (INDIGO).
The first targeted therapy for low-grade brain tumours, delaying the need for radiation and chemotherapy by years.
For low-risk prostate cancer, monitoring with PSA, MRI, and repeat biopsy instead of treating, because most such cancers never cause harm.
PFS 27.7 vs 11.1 months, HR 0.39.
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Radiotherapy followed by PCV (procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine) as in RTOG 9802, or radiotherapy with temozolomide; temozolomide alone was not better than radiotherapy alone in EORTC 22033.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Procarbazine (Matulane) is an old chemotherapy capsule from the MOPP regimen for Hodgkin lymphoma; it is now used mainly in the PCV combination for certain brain tumours.
An old chemotherapy pill used when glioblastoma comes back, and the control arm most new glioblastoma drugs must beat.
A plant-derived chemotherapy from the Madagascar periwinkle that has been in almost every childhood leukaemia and lymphoma regimen since the 1960s.
The only chemotherapy proven to extend life in glioblastoma, given during and after radiation. It works best when the tumour has switched off a repair gene called MGMT.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
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Radiotherapy followed by twelve cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (CATNON); concurrent temozolomide is not needed in non-codeleted tumours.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
The only chemotherapy proven to extend life in glioblastoma, given during and after radiation. It works best when the tumour has switched off a repair gene called MGMT.
Concurrent temozolomide benefit confined to IDH-mutant tumours.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. A median is the middle of a group: half the people counted lived longer than the figure shown, and some lived far longer. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide, extrapolated from glioblastoma; trials of IDH inhibitors preferred where available.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
The only chemotherapy proven to extend life in glioblastoma, given during and after radiation. It works best when the tumour has switched off a repair gene called MGMT.
OS 14.6 vs 12.1 months, HR 0.63.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Re-resection, re-irradiation, lomustine or temozolomide re-challenge, bevacizumab for oedema and symptoms; clinical trials.
An old chemotherapy pill used when glioblastoma comes back, and the control arm most new glioblastoma drugs must beat.
The only chemotherapy proven to extend life in glioblastoma, given during and after radiation. It works best when the tumour has switched off a repair gene called MGMT.
A blood-vessel-blocking antibody that shrinks glioblastoma on scans and reduces swelling, but has never been shown to help patients live longer.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.