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4 treatment settings, 3 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
IMRT alone (70 Gy) to nasopharynx and elective neck.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Induction gemcitabine-cisplatin ×3 then concurrent cisplatin-IMRT (for stage III-IVA); concurrent chemoradiation alone for stage II; adjuvant capecitabine for high-risk (detectable post-RT EBV DNA, N2-3).
Gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been the chemotherapy backbone for bile duct cancer since 2010 and is now given with immunotherapy.
Cisplatin is the original platinum chemotherapy, discovered by accident in 1965; it cures testicular cancer and makes radiation work better in cervical and head and neck cancer.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Gemcitabine-cisplatin + PD-1 inhibitor (toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab or penpulimab), then PD-1 maintenance.
A Chinese-developed PD-1 blocker that became the first immunotherapy approved in the US for nasopharyngeal cancer.
Camrelizumab is Jiangsu Hengrui's humanised PD-1 antibody, approved in China for oesophageal, liver and lung cancer but not in the US, where its liver cancer combination with rivoceranib drew complete response letters in 2024 and 2025 over manufacturing and inspection issues. Its signature side effect is reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation, a skin reaction seen in most patients.
A Chinese-developed PD-1 blocker, engineered to avoid a side-channel that may blunt other PD-1 drugs, now approved in the US and EU for oesophageal and stomach cancer.
Penpulimab is a Chinese PD-1 antibody approved in the US in 2025 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the second after toripalimab.
Gemcitabine plus cisplatin has been the chemotherapy backbone for bile duct cancer since 2010 and is now given with immunotherapy.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Endoscopic or open nasopharyngectomy for resectable rT1-3 (better survival than re-irradiation, Liu Lancet Oncol 2021); hyperfractionated re-IMRT otherwise.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Transoral robotic surgery removes early (T1 to T2) throat tumours through the mouth with a robot and 3D endoscope, avoiding splitting the jaw or a tracheostomy. In HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer the pathology then guides how much radiation to add, but randomised trials found it no better than radiation for swallowing, and surgeon volume matters.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.